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Min/Pet > Min/Pet Exam 1 > Flashcards

Min/Pet Exam 1 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

What is the most common mineral group?

A

feldspars

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2
Q

What is the chemical composition of quartz?

A

SiO2

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3
Q

Minerology

A

concerned with identification, classification, and formation of minerals

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4
Q

Petrology

A

concerned with identification, composition, formation, processes, and global distribution of rocks

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5
Q

Where was the second largest diamond found?

A

Botswana

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6
Q

Raw diamond is often found in…

A

kimberlite

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7
Q

The Hope Diamond is 1/2 part per million of…

A

boron

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8
Q

Between Jadeite and Nephrite, which mineral is harder?

A

Jadeite

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9
Q

What mineral makes up rubies and sapphires?

A

corundum

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10
Q

Industrial minerals

A

useful minerals and rocks that are not used as a source of metals or energy

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11
Q

Beneficiation

A

process in which rocks are separated and valuable minerals are concentrated

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12
Q

2/3 of the world’s cobalt comes from which country?

A

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

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13
Q

What are independent miners often referred to as?

A

artisanal miners

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14
Q

What is the biggest issue people and corporations have with the mining in DRC?

A

child labor

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15
Q

Which country manufactures the most batteries?

A

China

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16
Q

Rocks are made of _______ and minerals are made of _______.

A

minerals, elements

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17
Q

92% of Earth’s Crust is composed of _______ minerals.

A

silicate

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18
Q

Xenoliths

A

chunk of mantle brought up by magma on its way to the surface

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19
Q

Most important elements in forming rocks:

A

O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, K, Fe

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20
Q

Siderophile

A

iron-loving elements

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21
Q

Lithophile

A

rock-loving (often bond with silicates)

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22
Q

Why is there a lot of iron still in the crust?

A

meteors and leftovers from differentiation

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23
Q

1/5 of the world’s high grade nickel is controlled by who?

A

Russia

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24
Q

By how much will the electric grid have to expand to sustain the goal amount of EV’s?

A

2x

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25
Battery and mineral supply will need to expand by how much to meet new demand?
10x
26
Which rare earth element is used to create vibrations?
neodymium
27
Mineral
naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition (can vary slightly) and a crystalline structure
28
Is water ice a mineral?
yes
29
Mineraloid
amorphous or organic, but satisfy every other characteristic of being a mineral (i.e. opal, jet, amber, pearl)
30
Silicate
have the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron as their structural unit
31
Oxide
contain oxygen but not SiO
32
Carbonate
contain CO
33
Phosphate
contain PO
34
Sulfide
contains S but not SO
35
What two categories are rare earth metals divided into?
light and heavy
36
China is dominant in processing REE's, but who was before the 1980's?
U.S.
37
3 most important metals in magnets:
neodymium, dysprosium, terbium
38
What has China done to clean up pollution?
shut down illegal mines, replanted vegetation, cleaned lakes used for beneficiation, installed wastewater treatment facilities, reduced erosion, etc.
39
Where do you find REE's on the periodic table?
Lanthanide Series
40
REE's are important for what features in your phone?
color screen, glass polishing, circuitry, speakers, vibration unit
41
Halides
contain Cl, F, I, or Br
42
Native elements
contain Au, Ag, Cu
43
Assay
the chemical analysis or testing of an alloy ore
44
Ore Grade
concentration of economic mineral or metal in an ore deposit
45
What can lithium be used for besides batteries?
shock-resistant glass and mood stabilizers
46
Beneath the salt flats of Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia is ____.
lithium-rich groundwater
47
____ was the primary source of lithium before the 1990's
pegmatite
48
McDermitt Caldera collects ____layers of ash with lithium
clay
49
A typical electric car has ____ pounds of lithium carbonate
44
50
Lithium is often mined by pumping ____ from underground
brine
51
Celestite is a...
sulfate
52
CO3 ^2-
carbonate
53
SiO4 ^4-
silicate
54
SO4 ^2-
sulfate
55
PO4 ^3-
phosphate
56
OH ^-
hydroxide
57
Van der Waals bonds
bonds between molecules, makes minerals like graphite and talc very soft
58
Metallic bonds
permit electron flow, makes metals malleable, good conductors
59
Hydrogen bonds
very weak bonds ,found in water and generally polar molecules
60
Tectosilicates
1:2 ratio; quartz, feldspar
61
____ was in competition with silicon to be in electronics
germanium
62
Ultra pure quartz is created in ____ made with ultrapure quartz to maintain purity
crucibles
63
Santa Clara Valley is also known as
Silicon Valley
64
Nesosilicates
Si:O ratio 1:4, olivine, garnet, zircon
65
Sorosilicates
Si:O ratio 2:7; epidote
66
Inosilicates
single chain– 1:3 ratio; pyroxenes double chain– 4:11 ratio; amphiboles (hornblende), cummintonite
67
Cyclosilicates
1:3 ratio; beryl, tourmaline
68
Phyllosilicates
2:5 ratio; talc, micas
69
What is the name of the mineral ore of tin?
cassiterite
70
Tin is used primarily for...
soldering
71
What industry is impacted the most by Bangka's rezoning of mining?
fishing
72
How is cassiterite mined?
dredging sand from the ocean
73
Mineralization
how minerals form
74
Low temp. and pressure precipitation from fluids
shallow crust, surface water bodies, sedimentary cementation, diagenesis
75
High temp. and pressure precipitation from fluids
deep fractures, volcanic systems
76
Meteoric water
groundwater formed from recent atmospheric precipitation
77
Connate water
water trapped in the pores of a rock during formation of the rock
78
Magmatic water
water associated with magma
79
Metamorphic water
water given off, or squeezed out of metamorphosing rock
80
Water is a...
polar solvent
81
Polymetallic nodules have which elements?
manganese, nickel, cobalt, and copper
82
Hydrogenous processes
metal compounds sinking through water are precipitated
83
Diagenetic processes
growth occurs within sediments, metal compounds are already present
84
Hot debate between Baron and activists:
whether there is life in the CCZ (Clarion Clipperton Zone)
85
Porphyry ore deposits
magmatic water from below
86
Gossan
pyrite near the surface oxidizes in to insoluble Fe like limonite and geothite
87
Leach Zone
leaches sulfur, water becomes sulfuric acid, dragging Cu, Ag, and Au down towards oxide zone
88
Oxide Zone
oxides, sulfates, and carbonates form (malachite, azurite, cuprite, smithsonite, pyromorphite)
89
Water Table
anoxic environment, dominated by magmatic water, forms sulfides
90
Hypogene
primarily magmatic, not as good at concentrating, lower grade ores to the bottom

Min/Pet (1 decks)

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