Mindmap 4

Question 1

What Is The Pedagogy of Discomfort?

Answer 1

• A purposeful way of examining uncomfortable emotions we might otherwise resist or deflect, such as “defensive anger, fear of change, fears of losing our personal and cultural identities,”
• It also includes the guilt and the discomfort produced when we are forced to question our beliefs and assumptions

Question 2

What Is Privilege?

Answer 2

• A(n undeserved) special advantage, immunity, permission, right, or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual, class, or caste.
• Such an advantage, immunity, or right held as a prerogative of status or rank and exercised to the exclusion or detriment of others.

Question 3

How Is Privilege Invisible?

Answer 3

• Privilege is characteristically invisible to people who have it.
• People in dominant groups often believe that they have earned the privileges that they enjoy or that everyone could have access to these privileges if only they worked to earn them.
• In fact, privileges are unearned and they are granted to people in the dominant groups whether they want those privileges or not, and regardless of their stated intent.

Question 4

What Is Meritocracy?

Answer 4

• The belief that progress/advancement—power and privilege—in life is based on ability and effort, not by social origins (nobility, social class).
• The myth ignores unearned privilege and structural disadvantage (e.g., familial advantages, social connections, race/ethnicity, sex/gender, access to education, etc.); and it perpetuates status quo

Question 5

How Does Social Construction and Privilege Relate?

Answer 5

The social construction of gender (and wealth, poverty, race, age, sexuality, etc.) has a tremendous role in privilege since it tends to perpetuate the inequalities based on those social constructions.

Question 6

What Is Understanding Whiteness?

Answer 6

It is a location of structural advantage and privilege. It has been mentioned that it:
* White has always signified who is entitled to privilege. In this sense, the phrase ‘white privilege’ is a redundancy [since] Whiteness has always signified worthiness, inclusion and acceptance (Powell, quoted in Roediger).
* Whiteness is not necessarily about white people, but rather to the many social and political [and symbolic] processes by which hierarchies and privileges’ are normalized along racial lines (Josesph et al, 2012)

Question 7

What Is Sport, gender and Development (SGD)

Answer 7

Sport is used as a useful tool to contribute to gender and development in various ways, particularly as a means to:
* Enhance girls’ and women’s health and well-being
* Build self-esteem
* Promote empowerment
* Encourage social inclusion and social integration
* Challenge & transforming gender norms
* Educate women and girls about HIV/AIDS prevention
* Provide women & girls with opportunities for
leadership and achievement

Question 8

What Is Postcolonial Feminist Theory?

Answer 8

Gender as intersects with other forms of oppression

Question 9

What Is Cultural Studies of Girlhood and Sport?

Answer 9

Girls understood as nuanced, complex and contextual beings

Question 10

What Is Neoliberalism?

Answer 10

Efficiency, accountability, competition, individualism and state withdrawal

Question 11

What Is The Martial Arts Program?

Answer 11

• Due to patriarchal norms and gender-based violence, there are limited opportunities for women and girls
• The program aims to empower girls through self-defense, challenge gender norms, and promote leadership skills

Question 12

What Is Tokenism?

Answer 12

Risk of superficial initiatives that don’t address structural issues

Question 13

What Is Social Entrepreneuship (SE)?

Answer 13

Focuses social impact over profit, and prioritizes on community-driven and sustainable solutions, thereby creating social value

Question 14

What Is the School of Social Innovation?

Answer 14

Individual as primary element” the ‘social entrepreneur’

Question 15

What Is The Social Enterprise School of Thought?

Answer 15

• Governments and not-for-profit organizations main catalyst of SE (not private or for-profit entities).
• Mission of the social program is at center of this school of thought,

Question 16

What Is The Collective Action School of Thought

Answer 16

• SE as “stimulated by collective, autonomous and
  democratic actions, for example through cooperative
  enterprises,” (Bjarsholm, 2017, p. 8).
• Approach focuses on how groups work together.
• Not just about the what; but also about the how.

Question 17

What Is The Capability Approach?

Answer 17

• Framework is focused on well-being, freedom and opportunities
• Therefore emphasizes addressing systemic barriers to inclusion

Question 18

What Are Capabilities?

Answer 18

Opportunities to achieve well-being

Question 19

What Are Conversion Factors?

Answer 19

Barriers like cultural norms or resources

Question 20

What Are Functionings?

Answer 20

Realized achievements, for example, participation in sport.

Question 21

What Is The Organic Child?

Answer 21

• Normative expectations of good mothering acted out through the provision of safe, clean food.
• Gendered and classed
  Food work as women’s/mothers’ work
  Childhood as pure and uncontaminated – in turn, mothers constantly at risk of failing child

Question 22

When Does Food Security Exist?

Answer 22

When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life

Question 23

What Is Food Security?

Answer 23

Commonly defined as including both physical and economic access to food that meets dietary needs as well as food preferences

Question 24

What Are Food Deserts?

Answer 24

• Disadvantaged areas of cities (spatial inequality) with relatively poor access to healthy and affordable food
• Low SES have poorest access to increasingly suburbanized supermarkets
• Low SES individuals are more likely to have mobility restrictions
• Lack of access results in shopping at convenience stores where price is 2x higher and often less nutritious

Question 25

What Are Food Swamps?

Answer 25

* Not necessarily a lack of food in under-resourced communities * Rather communities are flooded with unhealthy, highly processed, low-nutrient food combined with disproportionate advertising for unhealthy food compared to wealthier neighborhoods

Question 26

What Is Food Sovereignty?

Answer 26

* Right to healthy and culturally appropriate foods produced via methods that are sustainable * Right to define and determine the systems of food production and distribution * In opposition to corporations and market institutions controlling global food corporations

Question 27

What Is food Justice?

Answer 27

* An approach that explicitly demands that power imbalances be dismantled * It includes the food sovereignty and food security * Concerned with access to healthy, culturally appropriate foods **But also asks**: * Who owns and controls the land use for, knowledge about, and technology that goes into food and its production? * Who labours so that we may have food? * How has colonialism affected food?

Question 28

What Is Mental Health?

Answer 28

* Mental health is more than the absence of mental disorders. It exists on a complex continuum, which is experienced differently from one person to the next, with varying degrees of difficulty and distress and potentially very different social and clinical outcomes. * Mental health conditions encompass disorders, psychosocial disabilities, and other mental states causing distress, functional impairment, or self-harm risk. While they can lower mental well-being, this is not always the case

Question 29

What Is Mental Illness?

Answer 29

* Described as disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and perceptionsthat are severe enough to affect day-to-day functioning. * Some examples are anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder

Question 30

What Is DSM V?

Answer 30

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the handbook used by health care professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders. The DSM contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders

Question 31

What Is Gender Dysphoria?

Answer 31

For some transgender people, the difference between the gender they are thought to be at birth and the gender they know themselves to be can lead to serious emotional distress that affects their health and everyday lives if not addressed. Gender dysphoria is the medical diagnosis for someone who experiences this distress.

Question 32

What Are Disability Studies?

Answer 32

Disability Studies understands disability as a socio-political phenomenon, its meaning made in culture, between us. It is concerned with the study of the meaning of disability and the material consequences in our every day lives.

Question 33

What Is Ableism?

Answer 33

A set of practices and beliefs that assign inferior value (worth) to people who have developmental, emotional, physical or psychiatric disabilities.

Question 34

What Is Medicalization?

Answer 34

* Through this process we come to construct the body in need of fixing and through that process who is considered “normal”. **The assumption that there is a quest for the “normal body”.** * The trajectory of the able-disabled person. The idea that one has to come through their disability to belong.

Question 35

What Is Healthism?

Answer 35

Where the onus of responsibility for health and health care rests squarely on the individual to the neglect of the social production of illness and disease with minimal regard of collective responsibility for health care

Question 36

What Is The Pathologization of Poverty?

Answer 36

* Since individualism is viewed as a desirable moral characteristic, asking for help, especially financially, is frowned upon. * With complete faith in the free market to provide for all who wish to work, people who do not achieve financial success are blamed for their misfortunes increasing the stigma of poverty. Attitudes toward people who receive government financial assistance can elicit feelings of shame from those who receive benefits * In capitalist, neoliberal regimes, emphasis is placed on agency and less on structure, including the role of choices in effecting good health

Question 37

What Are Madness Studies?

Answer 37

This challenges the idea that mental illness is just an individual issue, showing it as part of a broader history of oppression, control, and resistance. It argues that mental illness is a recent concept shaped by society and culture, urging us to see it as connected to larger systems of power.