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Geography > Mineral and Power Resources > Flashcards

Mineral and Power Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What are minerals?

A

Minerals are naturally occuring substances found in the earth’s crust.

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2
Q

How many minerals are there on the surface of the earth?

A

While there are nearly 3000 minerals on the surface of the earth, just ten of them make up about 90% of the minerals found in the crust.

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3
Q

What are the most commonly available minerals?

A

Silicates like feldspar and quartz(built from silicon and oxygen) are the most commonly available, followed by aluminium, iron, calcium, potassium, sodium and magnesium.

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4
Q

Why is the extraction of most minerals not profitable?

A

Minerals are rarely found in pure state. They are usually found in rocks or combined with other elements. Most minerals are found in such low concentration/inaccesible place that their extraction becomes too expensive or difficult to be profitable.

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5
Q

What is an ore?

A

A rock which contains enough mineral to make it economically viable for mining is known as an ore.

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6
Q

How are ores classified?

A

High grade and low grade ores. High grade ores have high mineral content and impurities are less whereas low grade ores have low mineral content and more impurities.

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7
Q

What is open-cast mining?

A

Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out of the ground through open-cast mining. The opening formed is called open pit/quarry.

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8
Q

What is shaft mining?

A

Deep bores, called shafts have to be made to reach mineral deposits that lie at great depths below the Earth’s surface. This is shaft mining.

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9
Q

What is drilling?

A

Petroleum and natural gas occur far below the earth’s surface. Deep wells are bored/drilled to take them out.

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10
Q

What are the types of iron-ore found in India?

A

Haematite and magnetite.

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11
Q

What is iron-ore used for?

A

Making steel, building ships and in the construction industry.

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12
Q

Where is iron-ore found in India?

A

Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra etc.

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13
Q

What is bauxite?

A

Bauxite is the ore of the metal aluminium.

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14
Q

What are the uses of aluminium?

A

Aluminium is used to manufacture aircrafts and automobiles. It is also used in the industries of construction, fittings and furniture, kitchenware etc.

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15
Q

Give examples of bauxite producers.

A

Odisha is the largest producer of bauxite in India, Other bauxite producing areas - Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.

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16
Q

Who is the largest producer and exporter of mica?

A

India is the largest producer and exporter of mica.

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17
Q

Mention one special property of mica, and which industries mica is used in.

A

Mica can be ripped into very thin and flexible but tough sheets. It is used in the electrical and electronic industries.

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18
Q

Where are mica deposits found in India?

A

Jharkhand, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan

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19
Q

Mention one special property of copper, and the uses of copper.

A

Copper is a good conductor of electricity. Copper is used in making wires, electric motors, transformers and generators. Copper was used used to make coins in the olden times. It was also added to gold to provide strength to jewellery.

20
Q

Where is copper produced in India?

A

Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh.

21
Q

Mention 3 uses of manganese.

A

Manganese is an important raw material for smelting of iron-ore. It is used to make ferro-alloys. It is also used in the iron and steel industries since it helps add strength to the steel.

22
Q

Where are manganese deposits found in India?

A

Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Telengana, Odisha, Chhattisgarh.

23
Q

Mention one use of limestone. Where is limestone produced in India?

A

Limestone is a major raw material for the cement industry. It is produced in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Tamil Nadu.

24
Q

Mention the uses of gold. Where are gold deposits found in India?

A

Gold is used in making jewellery. Precious jems, pearls, diamonds etc are set in various styles using gold. It is also used in scientific experiments. Gold deposits in India are Kolar and Hutti in Karnataka.

25
Q

Mention the uses of salt. Where is salt obtained from?

A

Salt is used by the food industry (as a preservative) and many chemical industries. Common salt (NaCl) is used to make food tasty too. It is obtained from seas, lakes and rocks.

26
Q

What are the sources of salt in India?

A

Gujarat and Tuticorin

27
Q

Which industry is silicon used in? What is it obtained from?

A

Computer Industry. It is obtained from quartz.

28
Q

Where is quartz found in India?

A

Una in Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

29
Q

What is solar energy? How is it tapped?

A

Solar energy is the energy obtained from sunlight. It can be tapped using photovoltaic cells and solar thermal technology.

30
Q

Which countries are benefited by utilising solar energy? Which places in India have potential for the development of solar energy?

A

Tropical countries (lying in the torrid zone) which are blessed with abundant sunshine. Gujarat and Rajasthan have potential for the development of solar energy.

31
Q

Where is solar energy used?

A

Solar heaters, solar cookers, solar dryers, solar cells, community lighting and traffic signals.

32
Q

__________ of wind is converted into __________ through turbines.

A

kinetic energy, electrical energy

33
Q

How were windmills used in ancient times? Where are windfarms usually located?

A

Windmills were used in ancient times for grinding grain and lifting water. Windfarms are usually located in coastal regions and mountain passes-strong and steady wind blows.

34
Q

Name 6 places noted for their wind energy production and a wind power plant in India.

A

Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, UK, USA and Spain are noted for their wind energy production. The wind power plant at Lamba in Gujarat is the largest in Asia.

35
Q

What are the sources for nuclear power?

A

Naturally occuring radioactive nuclear minerals like uranium and platonium. These fuels undergo nuclear fission in reactors and emit energy.

36
Q

Who are the leading producers of nuclear power?

A

USA and France

37
Q

Where are large deposits of uranium and thorium found in India? Where are nuclear power stations located in India?

A

Rajasthan and Jharkhand have large deposits of uranium. Thorium is found along the beaches of kerala.
Nuclear power stations in India - Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu, Tarapur in Maharashtra, Ranapratap Sagar near Kota in Rajasthan, Narora in Uttar Pradesh and Kaiga in Karnataka.

38
Q

What is geothermal energy?

A

Heat energy obtained from the Earth is called geothermal energy. Hot water that gushes out through natural geysers or geothermal springs used to produce thermal energy.

39
Q

Mention the uses of geothermal energy.

A

Cooking, heating, washing and bathing.

40
Q

What are the world’s largest geothermal power plants? Mention 2 in India.

A

USA has the world’s largest geothermal power plants followed by New Zealand, Iceland, Philippines and Central America. In India, geothermal plants are located in Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh and Puag Valley in Ladakh.

41
Q

What is tidal energy? How is it harnessed?

A

Tidal energy is energy generated from tides. Tidal energy is harnessed by building dams at narrow openings along the tidal belts of a sea. During high tide the energy of the tides is used to turn the turbine installed in the dam to produce electricity.

42
Q

Mention three places that have huge tidal mill farms.

A

Russia, France and the Gulf of Kutch in India

43
Q

What is biogas?

A

Biogas is energy generated from dead and decayed organic matter (dead plant, animal, animal dung, kitchen waste etc.)

44
Q

How is biogas made? What are its uses?

A

In biogas digesters biowaste is decomposed by bacteria to emit biogas. The biogas (fuel) is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.
Its an excellent fuel for cooking, domestic lighting in rural areas and producing organic manure.

45
Q

What are non-conventional sources of energy? Give examples.

A

Non-conventional sources of energy are those that are continuously renewed by natural processes. Eg. Solar energy, bioenergy from biofuels, geothermal energy, tidal energy etc.

46
Q

Give one examples of a non conventional source of energy which is non renewable and polluting.

A

Nuclear energy is non renewable and polluting.

47
Q

What is the need for non-conventional sources of energy?

A
  • Burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This causes atmospheric pollution.
  • In recent years, there has been an increase in consumption of fossil fuels, resulting in the depletion of fossil fuels.
  • If we continue to use fossil fuel in an unrestrained manner it will be exahusted. It will also pollute the environment.

Geography (4 decks)

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