Mineralogy and Atoms

Question 1

Elements that won’t bond have how many ions?

Answer 1

4 or 8

Question 2

Ions

Answer 2

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 3

Ionic Bonds

Answer 3

Elements that are ions that are held together by opposite charge.

Question 4

What traits does a mineral need to have to be considered a mineral?

Answer 4

-Must exist as a solid on earth
-Must have a definite chemical composition
-Must have a natural crystal shape
-Must occur in nature
-Must be inorganic (Not alive/made by anything that was alive)

Question 5

Solution

Answer 5

One substance dissolved into another.

Question 6

Solvent

Answer 6

What does the dissolving
(Ex. water, magma)

Question 7

Solute

Answer 7

What is dissolved
(Ex. sugar, alum)

Question 8

Where does the solute go when it is dissolved?

Answer 8

In the empty space between the molecules.

Question 9

What does water do a solute?

Answer 9

It pulls the solute apart until it is so tiny that it can fit in the empty spaces between the water molecules.

Question 10

Unsaturated

Answer 10

There is still empty space available in the solvent.

Question 11

Saturated

Answer 11

All of the empty spaces in the solvent are filled.

Question 12

Supersaturated

Answer 12

More solute dissolved than the solvent can hold at room temperature.

Question 13

What determines crystal shape?

Answer 13

The molecule structure

Question 14

What elements are primordial?

Answer 14

Hydrogen and Helium
(H and He)

Question 15

What elements are in a red giant star?

Answer 15

Hydrogen, Helium to Neon, skip counting by two
(He, Be, C, O, Ne)

Question 16

What elements are in a supergiant star?

Answer 16

Hydrogen, Helium to Iron, skip counting by two
(He, Be, C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe )

Question 17

What elements are made in a supernova?

Answer 17

Elements 3-92, but not the elements made in the core of a star.

Question 18

What elements are manmade?

Answer 18

93-118

Question 19

What is atomic mass?

Answer 19

The total number (average) of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The number of neutrons can vary, but the number of protons cannot.

Question 20

What is in an atom?

Answer 20

Protons (+), Neutrons (0), and Electrons (-)

Question 21

What is in an atom’s nucleus?

Answer 21

Protons and neutrons.

Question 22

What orbits an atom’s nucleus?

Answer 22

Electrons

Question 23

What is the atomic number?

Answer 23

Number of protons in the nucleus (also the number of electrons if it is neutrally charged).

Question 24

If an atom was negatively charged, what would it have more of?

Answer 24

Electrons

Question 25

If an atom was negatively charged, what would it have less of?

Answer 25

Protons

Question 26

If an atom was positively charged, what would it have more of?

Answer 26

Protons

Question 27

If an atom was positively charged, what would it have less of?

Answer 27

Electrons

Question 28

What does row on the periodic table tell you?

Answer 28

How many valence orbits an atom has.

Question 29

What does column on the periodic table tell you?

Answer 29

How many electrons are in the valence orbit.

Question 30

How many electrons can be in each orbit of an atom's nucleus?

Answer 30

1. 2 2. 8 3. 18 4. 32 5. 32 6. 18 7. 2

Question 31

How many orbits can an atom have?

Answer 31

7

Question 32

Mixture

Answer 32

No bond, they can be mixed together and separated.

Question 33

Molecule

Answer 33

2 of the same element bonded together.

Question 34

Compound

Answer 34

Different elements bonded together.

Question 35

Valence Orbit

Answer 35

The outermost orbit being filled for that element.

Question 36

Valence Electrons

Answer 36

The number of electrons in the valence orbit.

Question 37

What is nucleation?

Answer 37

An object that something coming out of a solution can grab onto (Ex. seed crystal).

Question 38

What are the three ways for rocks to form in nature?

Answer 38

-Igneous (cooling magma) -Sedimentary (layers of sediment pressed together) -Metamorphic (heat and pressure)

Question 39

What are the three ways a crystal can form?

Answer 39

-Precipitation from a solution -Solidification of a melt -Solid state diffusion

Question 40

Precipitation from a solution

Answer 40

Minerals being squeezed out of a supersaturated solution as it cools.

Question 41

Solidification of a melt

Answer 41

Minerals liquefy and then cool and solidify.

Question 42

Solid state diffusion

Answer 42

Under intense heat and pressure minerals break their bonds and rearrange to form a new mineral.

Question 43

What 5 characteristics are used to classify individual minerals?

Answer 43

Color, luster, Moh's hardness scale, cleavage/fracture and streak.