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Earth Science 8A > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

whats a mineral

A

natural, inorganic, crystalline solid found in the earths crust

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2
Q

what does organic mean in science

A

contains carbon

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3
Q

what is classification

A

systemic placement of categories

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4
Q

what do rock-forming minerals form

A

rocks that make up the earths crust

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5
Q

what are the types of rock-forming minerals

A

silicate and non silicate

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6
Q

what do silicate minerals contain

A

silicon and oxygen

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7
Q

what percentage of silicate minerals is in the earths crust

A

96

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8
Q

what are examples of silicate minerals

A

quartz, and feldspar

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9
Q

what percentage of non silicate minerals make up the earths crust

A

4

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10
Q

what do non silicate minerals not contain

A

silicon

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11
Q

what is cleavage

A

the tenancy to break along smooth flat surfaces

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12
Q

what is the hardest known mineral

A

diamond

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13
Q

what is fracture

A

tendency to break with rough or jagged edges

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14
Q

what is hardness

A

the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched

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15
Q

what is a common mineral that breaks along smooth, flat surfaces

A

mica

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16
Q

what is luster

A

the reflection of light from a minerals surface

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17
Q

what is the name given to the scale of hardness

A

mohs

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18
Q

what is a common mineral that breaks with rough or jagged edges

A

quartz

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19
Q

what is streak

A

color left by powdered mineral on un-glazed porcelain

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20
Q

what is one of the softest known minerals

A

talc

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21
Q

what is a common mineral that bubbles with acid

A

calcite

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22
Q

what three tests would you perform to help you identify an unknown mineral

A

luster, hardness, streak

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23
Q

what mineral is commonly confused with gold

A

pyrite

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24
Q

what mineral is soft enough to leave a streak on paper, commonly used as pencil led

A

graphite

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25
what gives minerals their physical properties
arrangement of atoms within the mineral
26
what is common between graphite and diamonds
both made of carbon, just the atoms are arranged differently
27
what are the two ways minerals are formed
crystallization of melted materials or crystallization of materials dissolved in water
28
the slower magma cools, what happens to the crystals
crystals get larger
29
the faster magma cools, what happens to the crystals
crystals get smaller
30
what are ores
when a rock contains a metal or is economically useful
31
True or false; the physical properties of a mineral can make it possible to identify the mineral
true
32
true or false; any mineral can be identified by a careful check of one physical characteristic
false, correction; many
33
true or false; hardness is a measure of how easily a mineral can be found
false, correction; scratched
34
true or false; freidrich mohs developed a scale which lists minerals according to their hardness
true
35
true or false; quartz will scratch a piece of copper, so quartz is harder than copper
true
36
true or false; the luster of a mineral is described as metallic or non metallic
true
37
true or false; when minerals are rubbed on a porcelain plate, they leave a streak of powdered mineral
true
38
true or false; graphite does not leave a clear streak
true
39
true or false; mica shows cleavage
true
40
true or false; calcite is the only mineral that bubbles with acid
false, correction; is not
41
what are the 3 types of rocks
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
42
what does how the rock forms decide for the rock
what type of rock it is categorized as
43
how are igneous rocks formed
cooling and solidification of magma or lava
44
how are sedimentary rocks formed
cementing and compaction of smaller rock fragments into larger pieces
45
how are metamorphic rocks formed
when heat and pressure is added to a pre existing rock, it changes
46
what are mafic igneous rocks described as
darker in color and higher in density
47
what are felsic igneous rocks described as
lighter in color and lower in density
48
what are intrusive igneous rocks
cooling of magma deep below the crust
49
what are extrusive igneous rocks
rapid cooling of lava o the earths surface
50
what does intrusive mean
inside of earth
51
what does extrusive mean
exterior of earth
52
what does glassy mean
no crystals
53
what does fine mean
microscopic crystals
54
what does coarse mean
visible crystals
55
if the rock has visible crystals, it means what
the rock is intrusive, it cooled slowly below the earths crust
56
if the rock has litter to no crystals, it means what
the rock is extrusive, it cooled quickly above the earths crust
57
what is clastic
deposits of smaller rock fragments
58
what are evaporites
dissolved minerals left behind from rocks
59
what are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks
clastic, chemical, and organic
60
what do chemical sedimentary rocks form from
minerals that precipitates from water
61
what do organic sedimentary rocks form from
the remains of organisms(living things)
62
what is stratification
layering of sedimentary rock when there is a change in the kind of sediment being disposed
63
what are fossils
the remains or traces of ancient plants or animals
64
where are fossils almost always found
sedimentary rocks only
65
what does metamorphic mean
to change form
66
what is metamorphic rocks made by
change in heat or pressure
67
any rock can become what
a metamorphic rock
68
what are parent rocsk
the original rock before it changed (metamorphic)
69
what is foliation
when a rock has mineral seperation
70
what is mineral alignmetn
when minerals start to line up
71
what is banding
complete seperation of minerals;highly metamorphisized`
72
what is contact metamorphism
hot magma pushes through pre-existing rock and the heat from the magma changes the surrounding rock
73
what is reigional metamorphism
occurs over an area of hundred of square miles during pds of tectonic activity
74
how does regional metamorphism happen
movement of tectonic plates torwards eachother creates tremendous heat and pressure in the rock at the plate edges
75
what happens to minerals as foliation occurs
become aligned
76
what does non foliated mean
no banding of crystal/marbles
77
what are two types of metamorphism
contact, regional
78
how is foliated different from non foliated
foliatied causes banding
79
how are the the three foliated metamorphic rocks different
grain size
80

Earth Science 8A (7 decks)

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