Minerals

Question 1

Sodium functions

Answer 1

-electrolyte, mainly outside cells
-acid-base balance
-muscle contractions

Question 2

Potassium functions

Answer 2

-electrolyte, mainly inside the cell
-muscle contraction
-maintains optimal blood pressure levels

Question 3

Calcium Functions

Answer 3

-structural
-bone and teeth

Question 4

Magnesium functions

Answer 4

-enzyme activation
-protein and DNA synthesis
-vitamin D synthesis
-normal heart function

Question 5

Iron functions

Answer 5

-carry oxygen
-make new cells, amino acids, and hormones,

Question 6

Zinc Functions

Answer 6

-antioxidant defense
-immune support
-growth
-taste and smell
-wound healing

Question 7

Selenium Functions

Answer 7

-converts damaging peroxides into water
-spares vitamin E

Question 8

Iodine functions

Answer 8

-aids in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine

Question 9

Fluoride functions

Answer 9

-fluorapatite- crystallization of bone and teeth

Question 10

Sources of Sodium

Answer 10

olives, salad dressing, canned green beans, cheese, soup, pizza

Question 11

sources of Potassium

Answer 11

salad dressing, dried apricots, baked potato, brown rice, lentils

Question 12

Sources of Calcium

Answer 12

sour cream, fortified OJ, turnip greens, yogurt, white bread, canned salmon

Question 13

Sources of Magnesium

Answer 13

ranch, banana, spinach, soy milk, brown rice, cashews

Question 14

Sources of Iron

Answer 14

olive oil, prune juice, spinach, soy milk, cereal, oysters, steak

Question 15

Sources of Zinc

Answer 15

cream cheese, blackberries, asparagus, swiss, cereal, oysters

Question 16

Sources of Selenium

Answer 16

Brazil nuts, ranch, dates, mushrooms, macaroni

Question 17

Sources of Iodine

Answer 17

mayo, prunes, tomato, yogurt, macaroni, cod and egg

Question 18

Non-Heme Iron

Answer 18

Animal and plant provides it

Question 19

Heme Iron

Answer 19

only in animal products

Question 20

Factors that affect absorption of iron

Answer 20

-nonheme enhancers: vitamin C, meat, fish and poultry

-nonheme inhibitors: tannin, oxalates, phytates, megadose of calcium

Question 21

Iron deficiency

Answer 21

Stage 1: iron depletion, no signs or symptoms
Stage 2: iron deficiency, mild anemia and weakness
Stage 3: iron deficiency anemia: fatigue, pica, difficulty concentration, pale eyes and nails

Question 22

Zinc Deficiency

Answer 22

poor growth, delayed maturation, low immunity

Question 23

Iodine deficiency

Answer 23

Goiter

Question 24

Consequences of High intakes of Calcium

Answer 24

Hypercalcemia: Nausea and vomiting, Constipation, Kidney stones (due to calcium buildup in the kidneys) Bone pain, and muscle weakness, Calcification of soft tissues, including arteries and lungs
Impaired kidney function

Question 25

Consequences of high intakes of Sodium

Answer 25

Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, osteoporosis

Question 26

Consequences of high intakes of Fluoride

Answer 26

dental and skeletal fluorosis, acute toxicity

Question 27

Consequences of high intakes of Iron

Answer 27

GI issues, Iron overload (hemochromatosis), oxidative damage