Minerals

Question 1

How much minerals are needed for major and minor minerals?

Answer 1

100 mg/day ><

Question 2

What are the

Question 3

Name all the major minerals?

Answer 3

1. Calcium
2. Phosphorus
3. Magnesium

Question 4

Name all the minor/trace minerals?

Answer 4

1. Fluoride
2. Iron
3. Zinc
4. Iodine
5. Copper

Question 5

What % of the Ca does bone contain and plasma?

Answer 5

99% and 1%

Question 6

Function of calcium?

Answer 6

1. Bones and teeth formation
2. Muscle contraction
3. blood clotting
4. Nerve Impulse conduction

Question 7

Sources of Ca?

Answer 7

• dairy
• green leafy vegetables
• sardines
• fortified orange juices

Question 8

How can Ca be lost in our body?

Answer 8

1. Urinating
2. diarrhea
3. sweating/vomiting
4. blood loss

Question 9

What are the 2 major types of bone cells?

Answer 9

1. osteoblast - makes bone building cells
2. osteoclasts - uses the Ca from the bones. Demineralizing cells.

Question 10

how are osteoblasts stimulated?

Answer 10

1. growth hormones
2. Testosterone
3. estrogen - during menopause estrogens go down and thus more women are prone to weaker bones.
4. weight bearing exercise

Question 11

how are osteoclats stimulated?

Answer 11

1. PTH- Parathyroid hormone

Question 12

What are the 2 problems caused by a lack of Ca?

Answer 12

• Fractures
• kyphosis

Question 13

how to prevent Ca lack?

Answer 13

1. ample vitamin D
2. Ample calcium
3. no smoking/ drinking
4. Hormone replacement therapy

Question 14

what does hypercalcemia cause?

Answer 14

• Kidney failure
• kidney stones

Question 15

What are the functions of phosphorus?

Answer 15

1. Bones
2. DNA synthesis
3. ATP production

Question 16

sources of phosphorus?

Answer 16

1. animal and plant protein

Question 17

Functions of Magnesium?

Answer 17

1. Bone formation (like tar on the road)
2. cofactor in 300 enzymes
3. Production of ATP and DNA synthesis.

sources - seeds, nuts, spinach

Question 18

what can hypermagnesia cause?

Answer 18

• impaired heart and nerve function.

Question 19

What are the function of Iron?

Answer 19

1. Hemoglobin - pigment in rbc, transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
2. Myoglobin - stores oxygen in muscles and releases when needed.
3. ATP cofactor - ATP production

Question 20

Sources of Iron?

Answer 20

1. red meat - best absorption (heme- iron)
2. water pipes - iron pipes
3. Iron skillet
4. Lentils, spinach, Tomato puree

Question 21

How is iron absorbed? 3 ways

Answer 21

1. stomach acidity, the higher the acidity, the higher the absorption
2. Heme iron vs non heme iron.

Question 22

What happens when you have a iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 22

• reduced hemoglobin synthesis, oxygen level drops, reduced ATP.
• immunity drops, pale, light headed, and tired

Question 23

what can the overconsumption of iron do?

Answer 23

• iron toxicity
• naseau, vomiting, and heart and brain damage. Even death!

Question 24

what are the functions of zinc?

Answer 24

• antioxidants
• synthesis of hemoglobin
• immune function

Question 25

sources of zinc?

Answer 25

- meats and grains

Question 26

Copper function and sources?

Answer 26

- synthesis of hemoglobin - ATP synthesis - water, copper pipes, seeds and seafood

Question 27

What are the function of iodine?

Answer 27

- it used to make the hormones T3 and T4(thyroxine). - the hypothalamus controls BMR, which releases TSH, which enlarges the thyroid glands, which increase thyroxine, resulting in higher BMR

Question 28

What is Basal metabolic rate?

Answer 28

- Calories burnt when the body is at rest.