Minerals

Question 1

what is a mineral

Answer 1

a naturally occurring inoragnic solid that contains a crystal structure and has a definite chemical composition.

Question 2

naturally occurring

Answer 2

not man made

Question 3

inorganic

Answer 3

DOES NOT come from anything that was once living

Question 4

crystal system

Answer 4

repeating pattern of particles that form flat faces

Question 5

definite chemical compostion

Answer 5

contains certain elements in definite proportions.

Question 6

every mineral has its own ______ that can be used to identify them

Answer 6

Physical Proprties

Question 7

There are ____ Physical properties of minerals

Answer 7

8

Question 8

Hardness

Answer 8

ability to resist scratching

Question 9

The mohs Hardness Scale

Answer 9

ranks the hardness of minerals from 1-10
1 is talc(softest) 10 is a diamond(hardest)

Question 10

Color

Answer 10

Least reliable way to identify a mineral

Question 11

Things abt color

Answer 11

Different minerals come in the same color(gold and pyrite)
Same minerals occur in a variety of colors(quartz and diamonds)
Colors can change(weathering)

Question 12

Streak

Answer 12

color of the powder left behind by a mineral when it is rubbed against a piece of tile
Streak DOES NOT CHANGE even when color does fro m weathering
True color of the mineral

Question 13

Luster

Answer 13

How a mineral reflects light
Minerals are classified as either metallic or non-metallic

Metallic+shiny
Non-metallic=pearly,silky,dull

Question 14

Density

Answer 14

each mineral has a specific density

formula is D=M/V

You can estimate the density of any object by placing it in water

Question 15

Crystal structure

Answer 15

Minerals are classified(organized) into a group based on the number and angle of the crystal faces

Question 16

Breakage

Answer 16

Minerals break in 2 different ways
Cleavage= when a mineral splits in a predictable way.Easily a long a flat surface
Fratured=when a mineral breaks random;y or in an irregular way

Question 17

Special properties

Answer 17

there are several but only need to know 2

Fluorescence when a mineral changes color under special lighting

Magnetism when a mineral is naturally a magnet

Question 18

What is metamorphism

Answer 18

to change or transformation

Question 19

how are they formed

Answer 19

metamorphic,igneous or sedimentary rock by HEAT and PRESSURE

Question 20

what are examples of metamorphism

Answer 20

sandstone chaging to quartzite
limestone changing to marble

Question 21

How can metamorphic rocks be classified as

Answer 21

foliated; minerals have banding(minerals lineup)
An example is granite chasing to gneiss

Non-foliated; there is no banding present
an example is limestone changing to marble

Question 22

How are rocks classified

Answer 22

rocks are classified by how they form

Question 23

formation of igneous,sedimentary and metamorphic

Answer 23

I= melting & cooling(solidification)

S=compaction & cementation

M= heat & pressure

Question 24

the process of rock formation is a continuous process occurring across the Earth’s surface and deep below the crust

Answer 24

rock cycle

Question 25

how many cagtegories of rocks

Answer 25

3 meta,sed,igne

Question 26

how do sedimentary rocks form

Answer 26

compaction and cementation of rock particles called seiments

Question 27

where do sediments come from

Answer 27

1.rocks being broken down and moved by the forces of weathering and erosion 2.they are deposited(dropped off) 3.they are compacted(smushed together) over a very long time

Question 28

clastic is made up of

Answer 28

rock fragment ex; sandstone,shale

Question 29

organic are composed of

Answer 29

plant and animal remains ex;limestone,coal

Question 30

sed rocks are the only rocks that

Answer 30

conatin fossils (fossils are preserved remains/imprints of plants and animals

Question 31

why is it only found in sed and not igne and meta

Answer 31

sed=compaction preserves them igneous= fire destroys fossils meta=heat & pressure will crush fossils

Question 32

what does igenous mean

Answer 32

fire(to ignite)

Question 33

How is it igneous formed

Answer 33

by melting and cooling

Question 34

where does igneuous come from

Answer 34

molten rock(liquid rock)

Question 35

molten rock is magma when

Answer 35

on Earth's surface

Question 36

molten rock is lava when

Answer 36

in Earth's surface(out of the volcano)

Question 37

igenous rocks can be classified as

Answer 37

instusive rock:form inside the earth from magma cools slowly forming LARGE crystals extrusive rock: forms above earth crust from lava cools fast forming SMALL crystals

Question 38

the cooling rate of the magma or lava determines the size of the crystals in the rock

Answer 38

Cools SLOWLY=BIG crystals Cools FAST=SMALL crystals

Question 39

The graphing relationship of igneuous is

Answer 39

direct relationship (as cooling time increases,the size of the crystal also increases)

Question 40

what two groups are meta rocks divided to based on texture

Answer 40

Nonfoliated and Bandng/mineral alignmenr

Question 41

what does sedimentary conglomerate become when it changed to a meta rock

Answer 41

Metaconglamerate

Question 42

what change happens when the rock become a metaconglamrate rock

Answer 42

pebbles may be distorted or stretched

Question 43

what does limestone become when it is metaorphosed

Answer 43

marble

Question 44

what mineral can be found in ALL foliated meta rocks

Answer 44

Regional(heat & pressure

Question 45

igneous and meta rocks are formed similar based on how they form

Answer 45

require extreme heat

Question 46

what are 2 major groups of sedi rocks?

Answer 46

inoraganic and chemical or organic

Question 47

how are sediments made

Answer 47

erosion and weathering.