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Earth Science > MInerals > Flashcards

MInerals Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mineral?

A

Naturally occurring, inorganic, homogenous solid with definite chemical composition, and an ordered crystalline structure.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of mineral?(5)

A

Now I Can Define Minerals.

Natural, Inorganic, Crystalline (atoms are arranged in an orderly pattern), Definite chemical composition, Solid.

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3
Q

SiO2 is chemical formula of?

A

Quartz.

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4
Q

What are the physical properties of minerals?(4)

A

Color, Streak, Luster, Crystal Habit

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5
Q

It refers to certain wavelengths of light that are reflected by a mineral and is perceived by the observer.

A

Color.

-Color is not very reliable bc lots of minerals can occur in many colors.

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6
Q

What is the streak of a mineral?

A

Color of the powdered form of a mineral. True color. Color of the mineral’s powder.

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7
Q

Types of colors of minerals?

A

Idiochromatic minerals, allochromatic, pseudochromatic.

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8
Q

Idiochromatic minerals are?

A

self-colored minerals. Their color is a diagnostic property. The color of the mineral is constant and depends on the elements that make up their chemical structure. Strong colors.

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9
Q

Examples of Idiochromatic minerals.

A

Malachite(green), rhodochrosite(red), sulfur(yellow)

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10
Q

Types of minerals where their color is not a reliable diagnostic property since impurities may alter their color. These minerals are often weakly colored or colorless in their pure state.

A

Allochromatic minerals.

ex. colorless, milky, smoky, citrine, amethyst, and rose.

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11
Q

False-colored minerals. Colors due to light diffraction

A

Pseudochromatic minerals.

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12
Q

Minerals with a hardness greater than __ usually don’t create a streak because they’re harder than the porcelain tile(unless specially made).

A

7.

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13
Q

What is the Luster of a mineral?

A

Appearance of a mineral’s surface and is dependent on how it reflects light. How light shines off a mineral.

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14
Q

Luster of a mineral can be?(2)

A

Metallic or Non-metallic.

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15
Q

Types of luster. (8)

A 
pearly - pearl or shell interior
silky - similar to silk with fine parallel threads
dull - plain-looking sheen
resinous - same with resin or chewing gum
earthy - opaque and looks like dirt
adamantine - shiny and brilliant
vitreous/glassy - sheen like glass
metallic - polished metal
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16
Q

Characteristic shape in which a mineral grows and is a projection of the mineral’s crystal structure.

A

Crystal habit.

17
Q

Tendency of minerals to break along flat surfaces. Splits along planes.

A

Cleavage.

18
Q

What is the fracture of a mineral?

A

Pattern in which the mineral breaks aside from its planes of cleavage. Irregularly jagged lines.

19
Q

___ is the resistance of minerals to scratching.

A

Hardness.

20
Q

What is the specific gravity of a mineral?

A

The ratio of a mineral’s weight to the weight of an equal volume of water.

21
Q

What are the special properties of minerals?

A

Magnetism, Double refraction, fluorescence, phosphorescence, piezoelectric.

22
Q

Property of being attracted to a magnet. The mineral contains iron, cobalt or nickel.

A

Magnetism.

23
Q

What is the double refraction property?

A

You can see a double while looking through it. Ex. Calcite.

24
Q

The property that makes the minerals grow under ultraviolet light.

A

Fluorescence.

25
Q

What is the property of phosphorescence?

A

The mineral continues to glow even when the UV light is removed.

26
Q

Property in which ELECTRICITY can be generated from PRESSURE.

A

Piezoelectric. Example of this is Quartz.

27
Q

What are the identification tests for minerals? (3)

A

Hardness, streak, acid test.

28
Q

Test where you use hydrochloric ACID to identify minerals. Also used for tests for carbonates(calcite).

A

Acid test.

29
Q

The ___ scale of hardness is for hardness measurement. It is composed of 10 minerals.

A

Mohs.

30
Q

Who was Mohs scale of hardness named after?

A

Freidrich Mohs. He was born on January 29, 1773 in Gernrode, Germany.

31
Q

What are the 10 minerals used in Mohs scale?

A

Talc, Gypsum, Calcite, Fluorite, Apatite, Feldspar, Quartz, Topaz, Corundum, Diamond.

The Geologist Can Find An
Ordinary Quartz Tourists Call
Diamond

32
Q

What are the chemical properties of minerals?

A

Solubility and melting point.

33
Q

The chemical properties of minerals depend on their _____ formula and _____ structure.

A

Chemical formula, crystal structure.

34
Q

What is the solubility of a mineral?

A

ability of the substance to DISSOLVE. Ex. biotite, a mineral commonly found in igneous rocks is soluble in both acid and base solution.

35
Q

Refers to the temperature at which solid turns to liquid.

A

Melting point. Minerals with tight bonded atoms have high melting points. Ex, quartz melts above 1670 c.

36
Q

How many mineral groups are based on chemical composition?

A

9.

Earth Science (2 decks)

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