Minerals L3

Question 1

What minerals are in dolomitic limestone?

Answer 1

Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate

Question 2

Whats in agricultural lime?

Answer 2

Calcium carbonate and a good quality lime has 37-40% calcium

Question 3

Whats in dolomite?

Answer 3

calcium carbonate (22%) and magnesium carbonate (12%)

Question 4

How much magnesium is in a good quality crushed magnesium carbonate rock?

Answer 4

37-40%

Question 5

What is in Causmag?

Answer 5

magnesium carboante

Question 6

What is Causmag good for preventing?

Answer 6

hypomagnesemia (grass tetany)

Question 7

What pastures is hypomagnesemia seen in?

Answer 7

phase 1 and 2 pastures that are high in potassium and true protein

Question 8

Whats in epsom salts?

Answer 8

20% Mg and 27% sulphur in a highly soluble/available form

Question 9

What happens when epsom salts are fed in excess?

Answer 9

In bovids rumen bacteria can convert the sulphur to hydrogen sulphide which is absorbed into the blood and is toxic to the ETC resulting in the inhibition of production of ATP

Question 10

What is in sea salt?

Answer 10

Sodium (39%) chloride (61%)

Question 11

Where can you get sources of P

Answer 11

Anhydrous DCP, Anhydrous MCP

These contain P and Ca

Question 12

Whats more toxic organic or inorganic forms of minerals?

Answer 12

inorganic forms are more toxic

Question 13

What are the advantages of ionophores?

Answer 13

Shift ruminal fermentation patterns to produce less acetate and more propionate
Bacteriostatic inhibit bacterias ability to reproduce (strep bovis)
Improve feed conversion efficiency and liveweight gain
Reduce incidence of lactic acidosis, liver abscesses, prevent bloat, overgrowth of eimeria

Question 14

What are some examples of antimicrobials/ionophores?

Answer 14

Sodium monensin (rumensin), Lasalocid (Bovatec and Avatec), Virginiamycin (Eskalin)

Question 15

What does Bamermycin/flavophospholipol (Gainpro, Flaveco) do?

Answer 15

is a phosphoglycolipid witha ntimicrobial acitivity against gram-neg baccteria (inhibits cell wall synthesis)

Question 16

What are the advantages of Betaine?

Answer 16

Is an organic osmolyte that can reduce heat stress

Question 17

What are some important electrolytes

Answer 17

Na+, K+, Ca2+, HCO3-, Cl-

usually administered in water or feed

Question 18

What can feed enzymes improve?

Answer 18

In pigs and poultry can reduce antinutritional factors and enhance feed digestibility

Question 19

What do manninn oligosaccharides (bio-moss) do?

Answer 19

Bind to pathogenic GIT bacteria and their toxins and can be used to prevent the spread in intensively managed cattle and aid treatment of infected animals

Question 20

What can probiotics improve?

Answer 20

Can improve feed conversion efficiency and liveweight gain

Reduce diarrhoea

Question 21

How do probiotics work?

Answer 21

by supressing overgrowth of bacteria by improving barrier systems in GIT