mini practical 2

Question 1

what is the difference between recessive and dominant ?

Answer 1

Dominant when at least one copy
is present in the genotype. Recessive when two recessive alleles are present.

Question 2

What is a Genotype?

Answer 2

Combination of alleles an individual has for a gene.

Question 3

Homozygous Dominant is what?

Answer 3

RR

Question 4

Heterozygous is what?

Answer 4

Rr

Question 5

Homozygous Recessive is what?

Answer 5

rr

Question 6

What are Genes?

Answer 6

DNA that code for particular proteins

Question 7

What are alleles?

Answer 7

Different version of a gene

Question 8

What is the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance?

Answer 8

Codominance, both alleles in the heterozygous are =, coat patterns in animals
Incomplete dominance, heterozygous, pink flowers

Question 9

Complete Punnett Square. Mans & Woman’s Genotype

Answer 9

…

Question 10

monohybrid crosses ?

Answer 10

3rd square

Question 11

dihybrid crosses ?

Answer 11

F1 parent, RrYy * RrYy

Question 12

sex-linked crosses ?

Answer 12

Man’s Genotype: X h Y
Woman’s Genotype: X H X h ,Carrier

Question 13

what are the potential genotypes?

Answer 13

AA = 25%
Aa = 50%
aa = 25%

Question 14

What is the natural selection?

Answer 14

survival of the fittest, better-adapted individuals have a higher rate of survival and reproductive success, phenotype of the individual.

Question 15

what are selective factors?

Answer 15

Weather and climate
■ Temperature, wind, water
○ Accessibility to food
○ Predators and disease

Question 16

Gene pool

Answer 16

sum of all the alleles, evolution changes in the gene pool of the population

Question 17

Allele frequency

Answer 17

Numerical value of a particular allele, allele proportion in the population.

Question 18

Allele

Answer 18

Variant/Alternative form of a gene.

Question 19

canines are found in

Answer 19

Carnivores

Question 20

Herbivores use

Answer 20

molars and premolars

Question 21

presence of gene flow causes?

Answer 21

stop or slow down speciation.

Question 22

Arthropods

Answer 22

Exoskeleton segmented with jointed limbs aka ticks, and scorpions

Question 22

Mollusks

Answer 22

Soft-bodied organisms in shells aka octopuses, squid, cuttlefish

Question 23

Echinoderms

Answer 23

endoskeleton is made of
calcium carbonate aka sea stars, sea urchins

Question 23

Chordates

Answer 23

Dorsal nerve cord, post-anal tail aka humans, other mammals, fishes, reptiles, and amphibians

Question 24

what are the different shapes of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 24

●Spherical ○ Cocci/Coccus ● Rods ○ Bacilli/Bacillus ● Spiral ○ Spirilla/Spirillum ● Corkscrew: ○ Spirochete(s)

Question 24

What is the difference in staining

Answer 24

due to the cell wall differences

Question 25

Gram positive

Answer 25

purple (blue) , large (50-90%) peptidoglycan component of the cell wall

Question 25

Gram negative

Answer 25

red (pink), Small (10%) component of peptidoglycan, safranin

Question 26

radius

Answer 26

1/2

Question 27

diameter

Answer 27

half

Question 28

circumference

Answer 28

outside wall

Question 29

Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria

Answer 29

○ Red or pink: Actively fixing nitrogen ○ White: Not yet active ○ Grey or black: No longer active