Minimum Entrance Test Flashcards
(40 cards)
Definition of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax
Animals suspected of being infected with anthrax are those that have: (a) been in contact
with any animal which died of/was diseased with/was suspected of being diseased with
anthrax during the 20 days prior to confirmation OR (b) consumed feedstuffs/water of
the same origin as feedstuffs/water of an animal which died of/was diseased with/was
suspected of being diseased with anthrax OR (c) grazed on a pasture infected with
anthrax without vaccination (vaccination being required at least 2 weeks and not more
than 6 months prior to grazing any infected pasture)
Definition of animals diseased with anthrax
Animals deemed diseased with anthrax are those with: (a) typical clinical signs OR (b)
those with characteristic lesions in their organs at post-mortem or meat inspection OR
(c) those demonstrated diseased by laboratory findings.
official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax
In case of confirmation of anthrax, official surveillance must be initiated on the holding
in question and the animals separated into three groups: (i) “Diseased & Suspected of
being Diseased”; (ii) “Suspected of being Infected”; and (iii) “Other susceptible animals”.
Those animals deemed “Diseased & Suspected of being Diseased” must then receive
immediate obligatory treatment, with change of feedstuffs, change of drinking water
supply and strictly no grazing.
official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax
In case of animals being suspected of being infected with anthrax, the animals in question
must receive vaccination against anthrax followed by 14 days of observation. For cattle
and horses, rectal temperature must be taken and recorded every day; for sheep, goats
and pigs, daily observation is required. In case of fever or clinical signs the animals are
regarded as “suspected of being diseased” and must receive immediate obligatory
treatment
Rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion:
The preferred sample for FMD diagnosis is 1 gram of tissue from the epithelium of an
unruptured or freshly ruptured vesicle; epithelium samples should be placed in a
transport medium which maintains a pH of 7.2-7.4 and samples must be kept at 4oC
during transport. Where vesicle sampling is not possible, saliva, blood and/or
oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid samples may be taken by probang cup in ruminants or
throat swab in swine. Myocardial tissue or blood can also be submitted from fatal cases,
although vesicles are preferable if present. Samples from suspected cases must be
transported to authorised laboratories according to international regulations
Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD
With regard to FMD, trade in vaccinated animals is prohibited, but vaccinated animals
from tested herds may be moved within a Member State; a system of traceability ensures
Rules of recovery of foot-and mouth disease free status if no vaccination has been used
If no vaccination has been used, FMD-free status may be recovered if the control and
eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones have been
effective and may be lifted AND at least three months have elapsed since the last
recorded outbreak.
definition of officially brucellosis free bovine herd
A herd is deemed officially brucellosis infection free if: (a) there have been no clinical
signs for at least 12 months; (b) there has been no vaccination for at least 3 years; (c) any
animals introduced have only been from officially free herds or have tested negative
within the 30 days prior to their introduction; AND (d) all animals over 12 months of age
have tested negative in two serological tests performed 6-12 months apart.
definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test
A single intradermal tuberculin test is deemed positive if clinical signs are observed OR
there is an increase of 4 mm or more in the thickness of the fold of skin at the injection
site.
definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test
A single intradermal tuberculin test is deemed negative if only limited swelling is
observed, with an increase of not more than 2 mm in the thickness of the fold of skin,
without clinical signs, such as diffuse or extensive oedema, exudation, necrosis, pain or
inflammation of the lymphatic ducts in that region or of the lymph nodes.
definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test
A comparative intradermal tuberculin test is deemed positive if a positive bovine
tuberculosis reaction is observed which is more than 4 mm greater than the avian
tuberculosis reaction OR if clinical signs become present.
definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test
A comparative intradermal tuberculin test is deemed negative if a negative bovine
tuberculosis reaction is observed or a positive/inconclusive bovine tuberculosis reaction
is observed which is equal to or less than a positive/inconclusive avian tuberculosis
reaction in the same animal AND clinical signs are absent in both cases.
Definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd
A bovine herd may be declared officially free of tuberculosis if: (a) there are no clinical
signs observed for at least 12 months; (b) all animals over 6 weeks have tested negative
to two official intradermal tuberculin tests, where the first test is administered 6 months
after the removal of the last infected animals and the second test is administered 6-12
months after that; (c) all animals introduced to the herd have only been from officially
free herds or have tested negative within the 30 days prior to their introduction; (d) all
meat inspection has required and requires compulsory investigation of any lesions; AND
(e) yearly or two-yearly tuberculin testing is carried out on all animals aged over 12
months.
Definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd
A bovine herd may be declared officially free of enzootic bovine leukosis if: (a) there is no
clinical/laboratory evidence of any case of enzootic bovine leukosis in the herd and no
such case has been confirmed in the previous 24 months; (b) all animals over 24 months
of age have reacted negatively during the preceding 12 months to two tests carried out
at an interval of at least 4 months; (c) any animals introduced into the herd come from
officially enzootic bovine leukosis free herds OR originate from establishments where
there has been no evidence of enzootic bovine leukosis within the 24 months prior to
their dispatch AND (i) all animals over 24 months of age reacted negatively to two tests
carried out at an interval of at least 4 months while kept in isolation OR have tested
serologically negative within the 30 days prior to their introduction AND (ii) all animals
less than 24 months of age have been born to dams that reacted negatively during the
preceding 12 months to two serological tests carried out at an interval of at least 4
months; AND (d) all germinal products of bovine animals introduced into the
establishment originate from establishments free from enzootic bovine leukosis or from
an approved germinal product establishment
definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd
A bovine herd may be declared IBR-virus free if: (a) during the past 12 months there has
been no confirmed case of IBR/IPV in bovines kept on the holding; (b) during the past 2
years none of the bovines kept on the holding has been vaccinated against IBR/IPV; (c)
serologically negative results have been obtained from a blood, milk or meat juice sample
taken from each bovine animal over a period of not more than 12 months OR serologically
negative results have been obtained from pooled blood, milk or meat juice samples taken
on at least two occasions (with an interval of 2-12 months) from (i) all female bovines
over 12 months of age (sampled on at least 3 occasions at intervals of not less than 3
months); (ii) all male bovines used for/intended for breeding over 12 months of age AND
(iii) a random sample of male animals not intended for breeding over 12 months of age;
(d) all bovine animals introduced to the herd originate from establishments free from
IBR/IPV and have tested negative in a serological test OR have been quarantined prior to
their introduction and tested negative in a serological test; AND (e) all germinal products
of bovine animals introduced into the establishment originate from establishments free
from IBR/IPV or from an approved germinal product establishment.
maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd
In order to maintain IBR-virus free status in an unvaccinated bovine herd: (a) all general
requirements for an IBR-virus free herd must continue to be met; (b) serologically
negative results must be obtained from blood, milk or meat juice samples taken annually
from all animals over 24 months of age (bulk milk samples must be taken on at least 3
occasions at intervals of not less than 3 months); AND (c) all animals introduced to the
herd may only come from officially IBR-free herds and must have tested negative in two
serological tests at an interval of 21 days. In order to maintain IBR-virus free status in a
vaccinated bovine herd: (a) all animals over 6 months of age must be tested every 12
months; (b) animals for slaughter must be tested before transport to the slaughterhouse;
(c) in dairy herds, milk must be tested every 6 months; (d) aborted animals must be tested
3-6 weeks after their abortion; AND (e) all animals introduced to the herd may only come
from officially IBR-free herds or have tested negative in two serological tests at an
interval of 21 days
definition of specified risk material in bovine animals
Specified risk material in bovine animals consists of: (a) the skull (excluding the mandible
but including the brain and eyes) and the spinal cord of animals aged over 12 months; (b)
the vertebral column (excluding the vertebrae of the tail, the transverse processes of the
lumbar and thoracic vertebrae and the wings of the sacrum, but including the dorsal root
ganglia) and the spinal cord of animals aged over 30 months; AND (c) the tonsils, the last
four metres of the small intestine, the caecum and the mesentery of all animals of any
age.
definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals
Specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals consists of: (a) the skull (including the
brain and eyes), the tonsils and the spinal cord of animals aged over 12 months OR
animals in which a permanent incisor has erupted through the gum; AND (b) the spleen
and ileum of all animals of any age.
definition of ‘cohort’ in case of confirmation of BSE
Following confirmation of a case of BSE, the case’s associated “cohort” is defined as the
group of bovine animals EITHER born in the same herd as the affected animal AND born
within the 12 months preceding or following the birth of the affected animal OR reared
together with the affected animal at any time during the first year of their lives, such that
they may have consumed the same feed as that which the affected animal consumed
during the first year of its life.
official measures in case of confirmation of african swine fever on a holding
In case of confirmation of ASF on a holding: (a) all the pigs in the holding are to be killed
and their carcasses processed; (b) all contaminated material (meat, semen, ova) or waste
must be destroyed, processed or treated; (c) cleaning and disinfection of all premises,
vehicles and equipment must be performed under official supervision; (d) meat of pigs
slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of the disease to the
holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be traced and
processed under official supervision; (e) a protection zone (first restricted zone) is to be
set up with a radius of at least 3 km around the holding for at least 15 days and this
official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on holding
In case of confirmation of CSF on a holding: (a) all the pigs on the holding are to be killed
and their carcasses rendered; (b) any material (meat, semen, ova) or waste likely to be
contaminated is to be destroyed, rendered or processed; (c) the holding is to be cleaned
and disinfected under official supervision; (d) meat of pigs slaughtered during the period
between the probable introduction of the disease to the holding and the taking of official
measures shall wherever possible be traced and processed under official supervision; (e)
an epidemiological enquiry is to be performed; (f) a protection zone is to be set up with
a radius of at least 3 km around the holding; (g) a surveillance zone must be set up with
a radius of at least 10 km around the holding; (h) a census of all holdings in the two
restricted zones is to be performed; (i) a ban is to be imposed on the movement and
transport of pigs in the restricted zones; (j) all holdings in the restricted zones must
undergo a campaign of strict cleaning and disinfection; AND (k) the removal of pigs from
a holding in the restricted zones is to be subject to authorisation only by the veterinary
authority. The measures in the restricted zones shall continue until cleaning &
disinfection in the infected holdings has been carried out AND all pigs on all holdings have
undergone clinical and laboratory examinations to detect the possible presence of CSF
virus: following completion of the preliminary cleaning & disinfection measures on the
infected holdings, 15 days must elapse before such testing may occur in the protection
zone and 30 days must elapse before such testing may occur in the surveillance zone.
official measures in case of contamination of classical swine fever in feral pigs
In case of confirmation of CSF in feral pigs the following measures are required: (a)
determination of the infected area; (b) official surveillance on pig holdings in the area; (c)
official census of all pigs in the area; (d) isolation of domestic pigs from feral pigs (doublefencing); (e) control of movement of pigs on and off holdings by the veterinary authority;
(f) creation of a written plan to eradicate the disease in the infected area; (g) collection
of information on the geographical distribution of the disease & the number of feral pigs
in and around the infected area; AND (h) instigation of an information campaign to
increase hunter awareness of official control measures and provide guidance on the
method of removal of feral pigs found dead or shot
use of vaccination in case of confirmation of classical swine fever
The use of preventative CSF vaccination is prohibited in the EU. In case of confirmation
of CSF, the Member State concerned may submit an emergency vaccination plan to the
Commission for both farm pigs and feral pigs, making use of marker vaccines only
(vaccines able to elicit a protective immunity analytically distinguishable from the
immune response elicited by the natural infection with the wild type virus).
definition of Aujeszky disease infection free swine herd
A swine herd may be deemed Aujeszky disease infection free if: (a) there have been no
infections for 2 years; (b) isolation, movement control, laboratory examination and
record-keeping standards are sufficient; (c) none of the pigs has been vaccinated against
Aujeszky disease for 12 months; (d) all breeding sows and boars and a representative
sample of fattening pigs have tested negative for Aujeszky disease; AND (e) all
insemination or natural breeding is undertaken using Aujeszky-negative semen/boars
