Minimum questions

Question 1

1. Definition of animals suspected of bein infected with anthrax

Answer 1

in contact within 20 days to an animal that died of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax, before the confirmation

ate the same feed and water as an confirmed, diseased or suspicious animal

grazed on a pasture infected with anthrax without vaccination (min 2 weeks and max 6 months before)

Question 2

2. Definition of animals diseased with anthrax

Answer 2

Typical clinical signs

characteristic lesions in the organs

laboratory findings

Question 3

3. Official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax

Answer 3

Separation of:

• diseased animals and those suspected of being diseases
• animals suspected of bein infected
• other susceptible animals

Diseased and suspected diseased animals

• immediate obligatory treatment
• change of feedstuffs, drinking water, no grazing

Question 4

4. Official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax

Answer 4

vaccination, 14 days observation period

• cattle + horse: taking te temperature regularly
• sheep + gat + pig: daily observation
• in case of fever or clinical signs: treatment

Question 5

5. rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion

Answer 5

• 1 gr of tissue taken from a vesicle or freshly erupted vesicle
• epithelium samples are placed in a transport medium wit 7.2-7.4 in pH
• sample kept at 4 degrees
• Probang cup is needed for taking oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid

Where vesicle sampling is not possible, saliva, blood and/or
oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid samples may be taken by probang cup in ruminants or
throat swab in swine.

Myocardial tissue or blood can also be submitted from fatal cases,
although vesicles are preferable if present.
Samples from suspected cases must be
transported to authorised laboratories according to international regulations.

Question 6

6. Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD

Answer 6

• trade of vaccinated animals is prohibited
• vaccinated animals from tested herds may be moved within member state
• system of traceability excludes them from community trade

Emergency vaccination

• classification of herds
• animals are clearly identified and registered, must not be moved
• specific measures in the vaccination zone on movement of other products and animals
• clinical and serological survey

Protective vaccination

• regionalization of the vaccination zone
• second surveillance zone: 10km

Suppressive vaccination
- immediate stamping out strategy
- ensure minimum spread of the virus during disposal of infected animals
carried out only within the protection zone and on clearly identified holdings

Question 7

7. Rules of recovery of FMD disease free status if no vaccination has been used

Answer 7

The control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones have been effective and may be lifted and

at least 3 months have elapsed after the last recorded outbreak

Question 8

8. Definition of officially brucellosis free bovine herd

Answer 8

no clinical signs - for min 12 months

no vaccination - for min 3 years

all animals over 12 months: two serological tests on 6-12 months interval

animals introduced are from officially free herds or are tested within 30 days

regular testing (every year)

general masures

• isolation of the holding
• record of comp. laboratory examinaitons
• separate calving
• control of movement of visitiors, vehicles, control of dogs and cats of the holding

Question 9

9. definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test:

Answer 9

Positive reaction:
if clinical signs are observed or there is an increase of 4 mm or more in the thickness of the fold of skin at the injection site.

Question 10

10. definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 10

Negative reaction:

if only limited swelling is observed, with an increase of not more than 2 mm in the thickness of the fold of skin without clinical signs such as diffuse or extensive oedema, exudation, necrosis, pain or inflammation of the lymphatic ducts in that region or of the lymph nodes.

Question 11

11.definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 11

positive:

a positive bovine reaction which is more than 4 mm greater than the avian reaction, or the presence of clinical signs;

Question 12

12.definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 12

Negative:
a negative bovine reaction, or a positive or inconclusive bovine reaction but which is equal to or less than a positive or inconclusive avian reaction and the absence of clinical signs in both cases.

Question 13

13.definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd

Answer 13

o No clinical signs (min 12 months)
o All animals over 6 weeks: two official intradermal tuberculin tests
o 1st: 6 months after the removal of infected animals,
2nd: 6-12 months months later;
o Animals introduced: from officially free herds or tested (within 30 days)
all
meat inspection has required and requires compulsory investigation of any lesions;
AND

(e) yearly or two-yearly tuberculin testing is carried out on all animals aged over 12
months

o General measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, control of movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding etc.)

Question 14

14.definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd

Answer 14

There is no evidence of the disease in the herd (clinical signs or lab tests), and here has not been any confirmations in the previous 24 months

All animals older than 24 months have tested negative in at least two times in the last 12 months, taken 4 months apart

If new animals where taken into the herd
- They came from an officially free herd
- Or came from a establishment where it has not been detected in the last 24 months: Animals older than 24 months had 2 negative tests with 4 months apart while they were in isolation Or negative serological test, taken 30 days before their introduction
, Animals younger than 24 months all have mothers that had 2 negative serological test, taken in the last 12 months with atleast 4 months apart
- All germinal products of bovine animals introduced into the establishment from establishments free from EBL or from an approved germinal product establishment

Question 15

16.maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd

Answer 15

In order to maintain IBR-virus free status in an unvaccinated bovine herd: (a) all general
requirements for an IBR-virus free herd must continue to be met; (b) serologically
negative results must be obtained from blood, milk or meat juice samples taken annually
from all animals over 24 months of age (bulk milk samples must be taken on at least 3
occasions at intervals of not less than 3 months); AND (c) all animals introduced to the
herd may only come from officially IBR-free herds and must have tested negative in two
serological tests at an interval of 21 days.

In order to maintain IBR-virus free status in a vaccinated herd
all animals over 6 months of age : tested in every 12 months
animals for slaughter: test before transport for slaughter
dairy herd: milk test in every 6 months
aborted animals: test 3-6 weeks after abortion
only animals originating from free herds are introduced
(test: 2x, 21 days interval)

Question 16

15. Definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd

Answer 16

• in the last 12 months no confirmed cases of IBR/IPV in the bovine animals in the holding
• in the past 2 years no bovines have been vaccinated
• in the last 12 months all serological tests from blood, milk or meat juice has been negative OR serologically
  negative results have been obtained from pooled blood, milk or meat juice samples taken
  on at least two occasions (with an interval of 2-12 months) from (i) all female bovines
  over 12 months of age (sampled on at least 3 occasions at intervals of not less than 3
  months); (ii) all male bovines used for/intended for breeding over 12 months of age AND
  (iii) a random sample of male animals not intended for breeding over 12 months of age;
• all bovine animals introduced are free and have tested negative in a serological test OR have been quarantined prior to the introduction and tested negative in a serological test AND all germinal products of bovine animals introduced into the establishment originate from establishments fee from IBR/IPV or from and approved germinal product establishment

Question 17

17. definition of specified risk material in bovine animals

Answer 17

• the skull (excluding the mandible, but inculding the brain and eyes)

and the spinal cord of animals aged over 12 months

the vertebral column (exluding the vertebrae of the tail, the transverse processes of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae and the wings of the sacrum, but including the dorsal root of the ganglia)

spinal cord of animal over 30 months

the tonsiils, the last 4 meters of te small intestine, the caecum and the mesentery of all animals of any age

Question 18

18. definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals

Answer 18

the skull (including the brain and eyes)

the tonsils and the spinal cord of animals aged over 12 months OR animals in which a permanent incisor has erupted through the gum

AND the spleen and ileum of all animals of any age

Question 19

19.Definition of cohort in case of confirmation of BSE

Answer 19

defined as the group of bovine animals either born in the same herd as the affected animal

AND born within the 12 months preceding or following the birth of the affected animal

OR reared together with the affected animal at any time during the first year of their lives, such that they may have consumed the same feed as that which the affected animal consumed during the first year of tis life

Question 20

20. official measures in case of confirmation of African swine fever on a holding

Answer 20

all the pigs in the holding are to be killed and their carcasses processed

all contaminated material (meat, semen, ova) or waste must be destroyed, processed or treated

cleaning and disinfection of all premises, vehicles and equipment must be performed under official supervision

meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of the disease to the holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be traced and processed under official supervision

a protection zone (first restricted zone) is to be set up with a radius of atleast 3 km around the holding for at least 15 days and this restriction may only be lifted following a serological survey

a surveillance zone (second restricted zone) must be set up with a radius of atleast 10km around the holding for atleast 30 days and this restriction may also only be lifted following a serological survey

census of all holdings in the restricted zones is to be performed

a ban is to be imposed on the movement and transport of pigs in the restricted zones

products, persons and vehicles in the restricted zones are to be subject to movement restrictions

no market or fairs are to be permitted

and all holdings must undergo a campaign of strict cleaning, disinfection adn disinsectisation

in the case of holdings where the occurence of disease has been linked to vectors, restocking skall not take place for at least 6 years, unless

specific operations to eliminate the vector from the premises and places where the pigs are to be kept or can come into contact with the vector have been successfully carried out under official supervision

OR it has been possible to show that the persistence of the vector no longer represents a significant risk of african swine fever being transmitted

Question 21

21. Official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on a holding

Answer 21

all the pigs on the holding are to be killed and their carcasses rendered

any material (meat, semen, ova) or waste likely to be contaminated is to be destroyed, rendered or processed

the holding is to be cleaned and disinfected under official superviision

meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of the disease to the holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be traced and processed under official supervision

an epidemiological enquiry is to be performed

a protection zone is to be set up with a radius of at least 3 km around the holding

a surveillance zone must be set up with a radius of atleast 10km aroudn the holding

a census of all holdings in the two restricted zones is to be performed

a ban is to be imposed on the movement and transport of pigs in the restricted zones

all holding in the restricted zones must undergo a campaign of strict cleaning and disinfection

AND the removal of pigs from a holding in the restricted zones is to be subjected to authorisation only by the veterinary authority

the measures in the restricted zones shall continue until cleaning and disinfection in the infected holding has been carried out and all pigs on all holdings have undergone clinical and laboratory examinations to detect the possible presence of CSF virus: following completion of the preliminary cleaning and disinfection measures on the infected holding, 15 days must elapse before such testing may occur in the protection zone and 30 days must elapse before such testing may occur in the surveillance zone

Question 22

22. official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever in feral pigs

Answer 22

determination of the infected area

official surveillance on pig holdings in the area

official census of all pigs in the area

isolation of domestic pigs from feral pigs (double fencing)

contorl of movement of pigs on and off holdings by the veterinary authority

creating of a written plan to eradicate the disease in the infected area

collection of information on the geographical distribution of the disease and the number of feral pigs in and around the infected area

and instigation of an information campaign to increase hunter awareness of official control measures and provide guidance on the method of removal of feral pigs found dead or shot

Question 23

23. Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of classical swine fever

Answer 23

use of preventative CSF vaccination is prohibited in the EU.

In case of confirmation of CSF, the member state concerned may submit an emergency vaccination plan to the commision for both farm pigs and feral pigs, making use of marker vaccines only (vaccines able to elicit a protective immunity analytically distinguishable from the immune response elicited by the natural infection with the wild type virus

Question 24

24. Definition of Aujeszky disease infection free from swine herd

Answer 24

there have been no infection for 2 years

isolation, movement control, laboratory examination and record-keeping standards are sufficient

none of the pigs have been vaccinated against aujeszky disease for 12 months

all breeding sows and boars and a representative sample of fattening pigs have been tested negative for aujeszky disease

AND all insemiantion or anturally breeding is undertaken using aujeszky-negative semen/boars

Question 25

25. definition of animals diseased of equine infectious anemia

Answer 25

displaying typical clinical signs or non-typical signs, but demonstrably carrying the virus and/or testing positive serologically on two occasions at an interval of 21 days OR those demonstrated by pathology or histopathology to be diseased

Question 26

26. Definition of animals suspected of being contaminated with equine infectious anemia

Answer 26

animals suspected of being contaminated with EIA are all those animals kept with diseased or suspected of being diseased animals within a 90 day period prior to the confirmation of the disease OR those animals showing no clinical signs, but testing positive serologically on one occasion or testing inconclusive serologically on two occasions at an interval of 21 days|

Question 27

evaluation of opthalmic test in case of glanders

Answer 27

(less reliable than the intradermo-palpebral test) involves instillation of 0.2ml of mallein onto the conjunctiva at the canthus of the eye after 24 hours rest in an infected/positive animals, the eyelids, and sometimes the side of the face, become swollen and there may be a purulent discharge from the eye if only a mucoid discharge is seen without swelling the test is deemed inconclusive. The reaction may also occur to a lesser extent in the opposite eye

Question 28

28. official control measures in case of confirmation of African horse sickness outbreak

Answer 28

all infected horses are to be killed and their carcasses disposed of along with any other animal waste the public is to be informed about all official restrictions and an epizootiological enquiry is to be launched taking into account relevant geographical and climatic condition the holding is t be strictly cleaned and disinfected official surveillance and obligatory vaccination along with laboratory examination of all dogs and killing of any diseased dogs is to be undertaken in a 20km radius around the holding a protection zone is to be set up with a radius of atleast 100km around the holding for a minimum of 12 months a surveillance zone must be set up with a radius of atleast a further 50km around the protection zone, again for a minimum of 12 months a surveillance zone, again for a minimum of 12 months, and vaccination is to be strictly prohibited in this zone all holdings in the restricted zones must undergo a campaign of disinsectisation the competent veterinary authority is to visit all holdings keeping equids and all equids are to be sampled AND movement of horses is to be strictly prohibited in the restricted zones except for the purpose of emergency slaughter

Question 29

29. definition of potentially rabid animal

Answer 29

a potentially rabid animal is any animal that shows the symptoms of the disease OR and animal that is symptomless but has been bitten by a rabid or potentially rabid animal OR a wild mammal which behaves strangely or attacks humans

Question 30

30. Definition of potentially rabies-infected animal

Answer 30

any animal that has or may have been in contact with a rabid or potentially rabid animal within the last 90 days

Question 31

31. definition of rabies risky animal

Answer 31

A rabies risky animal is any mammal that has attacked or bitten humans OR any dog that has not received an anti-rabies vaccination in accordance with EU regulations.

Question 32

32. official measures with potentially rabid animals

Answer 32

potentially rabid domestic animals or suspected animals kept in captivity shall be killed OR, upon the animal keepers request, put under official monitoring for 90 days if the conditions of such monitoring can be ensured without any problems animals showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected daily, whilst animals not showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected weekly potentially rabid stray or wild animals shall be killed, and the official veterinarian informed without delay

Question 33

33. official measures with potentially rabies- infected animals

Answer 33

shall be put under official monitoring for 90 days potentially rabies-infected carnivores shall be monitored, with inspection once every three weeks wither in isolation at the place of their keeping OR if their safe separation/isolation is not possible, in isolation at an official location. Potentially rabies infected non-carnivorous animals shall be inspected once every three weeks and during the monitoring period the animals shall preferably be tied and separated to avoid their contact with humans or other animals

Question 34

34. Official measures with rabies risky animals

Answer 34

they shall be put under official monitoring for 14 days and, unless they already have it, shall be marked with an electronic transponder (a microchip implanted under the skin) at the owners cost. at the end of the monitoring period, it is necessary for dogs to immediately recieve the anti-rabies vaccination if they currently do not have a valid anti-rabies vaccination. Carnivores shall be monitored on the keepers site OR failing that on any other site suitable for the purpose of preventing contact with humans or other animals animals showing any clinical symptoms shall be inspected daily until they are fully recovered, whilst animals not showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected weekly. Rabies risky non-carnivorous animals shall be monitored in isolation at the place of their usual keeping. it is prohibited to slaughter, treat or attempt to treat any rabies risky animals

Question 35

35. rules of preventive vaccination of dogs against rabies

Answer 35

animal keepers shall arrange, at their own cost, for the vaccination of all dogs, above 3 months of age by a private veterinarian responsible for supervising their animals health the first anti-rabies vaccination shall be given to a dog within 30 days of reaching 3 months of age the second within 6 months of the first vaccination and then a booster vaccination is to be administered every year afterward

Question 36

36. public health measures in case of rabies

Answer 36

the official veterinarian shall notify the competent regional medical authority is he/she confirms a case of rabies. potentially rabid or potentially rabies-infected animal has bitten or attacked any person. Upon detection of any wound caused by a dog, cat or wild animal, the physician caring for the wound shall immediately notify in writing the competent official veterinary authority with the information available about the circumstances of the case, particularly including the name and home address of the animal keeper based on such notification, the official veterinarian shall take all reasonable and necessary measures without delay to contain any outbreaks the autopsy of any rabid or potentially rabid animals, or the removal of its head for diagnostic purposes, may be performed only in protective clothing to exclude the risk of zoonotic infection

Question 37

37. official measures in the case of confirmation of newcastle disease on a holding

Answer 37

all the poultry on the holdings are to be killed on the spot and the carcasses and eggs destroyed any substance or waste liable to be contaminated is to be destroyed or treated the meat of poultry slaughtered during the presumed incubation period is to be traced and destroyed hatching eggs laid during the presumed incubation period are to be traced and destroyed (poultry which hatch from such eggs are to be placed under official surveillance) thorough cleaning and disinfection of the holding is to be performed and reintroduction of birds is not to occur until at least 21 days after the end of the disinfection a protection zone is to be set up with a radius of atleast 3 km around the holding a surveillance zone must be set up with a radius of atleast 10km around the holding stand-still measures and controlled movements of poultry are to be maintained in the protection zone for at least 21 days and in the surveillance zone for atleast 30 days, and sampling of all poultry holdings is to take place in both zones before the lifting of restrictions strict disinfection is to involve bot preliminary and final cleaning and disinfection steps both prophylactic and emergency vaccinations are permitted

Question 38

38. official measures in case of confirmation of newcastle disease in pigeons

Answer 38

in carrier pigeons or birds kept in captivity either the control and eradication measures applicable to poultry may be applied or at the very least a ban may be placed on movement of the pigeons or birds in captivity for atleast 60 days. an epizootiological enquiry is to be instigated and any matter/waste likely to be contaminated is to be destroyed or treated

Question 39

39. rules of lifting the restrictions ordered in case of scabies

Answer 39

the lifting of restrictions associated with a scabies outbreak requires the following observation periods for sheep with <2cm wool, 42 days after dipping for sheep with >2 cm wool, 70 days after two dippings OR 42 days after any other means of treatment for other species, 42 days after two treatment

Question 40

official control measures with rabbit flocks diseased with viral heamorrhagic disease

Answer 40

all movement of animlas restricted, slaughter of the rabbits prohibited and all rabbits in the flock must be killed (carcasses are to be disposed of properly) in case of valuable flocks, killing of only diseased animals and vaccination of healthy animals may be permitted, as long as movement restrictions and vaccinations are continued for the next 6 months. rabbits, products and anything liable to transmit the contamination must all have movement restrictions and within the protection zone authorization may be given by the veterinary authority for the transportation of healthy animals to the slaughterhouse. vaccination and movement restrictions are to be mandatory in the surrounding surveillance zone