Minimum Questions 2022 (Entrance) 23 Essays

Question 1

Definition of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax

Answer 1

• Were in contact with animal died of, dx in or suspicious to anthrax within 20 days before the confirmation
• Consumed feedstuffs or water of the same origin as feedstuffs of water of animal died or, dx or suspicious to
anthrax
• Grazed on a pasture infected with anthrax without vaccination 2weeks- 6 months before

Question 2

Definition of animals diseased with anthrax

Answer 2

• Typical CS
• Characteristics lesions in organs (PM, meat inspection)
• Lab findings

Question 3

Official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax

Answer 3

OFFICIAL SURVEILLANCE
Separation of
• Dx animals and those suspected of being dx
• Animals suspected as being infected
• Other susceptible animals

Dx and suspected dx animals:
• Immediate OBLIGATORY treatment
• Change of feedstuffs, drinking water, and no access to grazing

Question 4

Official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax

Answer 4

OFFICIAL SURVEILLANCE
Separation of
• Dx animals and those suspected of being dx
• Animals suspected as being infected
• Other susceptible animals

Suspected of being infected:
• Vaccination + 14 days observation period
• Cattle + horse: taking temperature daily
• Sheep + goat + pig: daily observation
• Fever/ CS= treatment

Question 5

Rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion

Answer 5

• 1g of tissue from an unruptured/ recently ruptured vesicle. Epithelium samples should be placed in a transport
medium which maintains a pH of 7.2-7.4. Samples should be kept at 4°c
• Oesophageal- pharyngeal fluid collected by means of a probang cup (device for collecting cells from the walls of
upper part of oesophagus)

Question 6

Rules of recovery of foot-and mouth disease free status if no vaccination has been used:

Answer 6

• The control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones have been effective and may be lifted AND
• At least 3 months have elapsed after the last recorded outbreak

Question 7

Definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 7

• 72 hours after injection of tuberculin(s): If CS are observed or there is an increase of >4mm in the thickness of the fold of skin at the injection site

Question 8

Definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 8

• 72 hours after injection of tuberculin(s): If only limited swelling is observed, with an increase of not more than 2mm in thickness of the fold of skin without CS such as diffuse/ extensive oedema, exudation, necrosis, pain or inflammation of the lymphatic ducts in that region or of the LN

Question 9

Definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 9

o A positive bovine rxn which is >4mm greater than the avian reaction, or the presence of CS

Question 10

Definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 10

o A negative bovine rxn, or a positive or inconclusive bovine rxn but which is equal to or less than a positive or inconclusive avian reaction and the absence of CS in both cases

Question 11

Definition of specified risk material in bovine animals

Answer 11

• The skull excluding the mandible and including the brain and eyes, the spinal cord of animals >12 months old
• The vertebral column excluding the vertebrae of the tail, the transverse processes of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae and the wings of the sacrum, but including the dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord of animals >30 months
• The tonsils and the last four meters of the small intestines the caecum and the mesentery of animals of all ages;

Question 12

Definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals

Answer 12

• The skull including the brain and eyes, the tonsils, the spinal cord of animals >12 months old or which have permanent incisor erupted through the gum, AND
• The spleen and ileum of animals of all ages

Question 13

Definition of “cohort” in case of confirmation of BSE

Answer 13

• A group of bovine animals which were either born in the same herd (within 12 months preceding or following the
birth of) as the affected cattle, or were reared together with the same affected animal at any time during the 1st year of life, or which may have consumed the same feed as that the affected animal consumed during the 1st year of its life

Question 14

Official measure in case of confirmation of African swine fever on a holding

Answer 14

• All pigs on the holding must be killed and their carcasses processed
• All contaminated material (meat, semen, ova) or waste must be destroyed, processed or treated
• Cleaning and disinfection of all premises, vehicles and equipment must be carried out under official surveillance
• Meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of the dx to the holding and implementation of official measures shall- where possible- be traced and processed under official supervision
• census of all the holdings
• ban on the movement and transport of pigs
• movement restrictions: products, persons, vehicles etc
• no markets, fairs etc
• strict cleaning, disinfection, disinsectisation

Question 15

Official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on a holding

Answer 15

• All pigs on the holding must be slaughtered and their carcasses rendered
• Any material (meat, semen, ova) or any waste likely to be contaminated must be destroyed, rendered or processed
• Cleaning and disinfection must be carried out under official supervision
• Meat of any pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of the dx to the holding and the taking of official measures shall- wherever possible- be traced and processed under official supervision
• An epidemiological enquiry must be carried out

Question 16

Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of classical swine fever

Answer 16

• Use of preventative CSF vaccines is PROHIBITED
• The member state concerned may submit an emergency vaccination plan to the commission for both farm pigs and feral pigs
• Marker vaccine
o A vaccine that can elicit a protective immunity that is distinguishable from the immune response elicited by the natural infection with the wild type vaccine by means of lab testing

Question 17

Definition of animals diseased of equine infectious anaemia

Answer 17

• Typical CS, OR
• Non-typical CS but demonstration of the virus and/or 2 positive serology tests with a 21 days interval
• Pathology, histopathology

Question 18

Definition of animals suspected of being contaminated with equine infectious anaemia

Answer 18

• Kept with dx or suspected of being dx animals within 90 days
• No CS but 2 inconclusive tests or 1 positive serology test with 21 days interval

Question 19

Evaluation of ophthalmic test in case of glanders

Answer 19

• A few drops of mallein are instilled into the eye at the canthus.
• Infected= eyelids + sometimes side of face become swollen and there may be a little discharge from the eye
• The reaction may also occur to a lesser extent in the opposite eye

– 24 hours rest
– 0.2 ml mallein dripped onto the conjunctiva
– evaluation: 8-12 or 16-24 hours:
⚫ positive: swelling, purulent discharge
⚫ inconclusive: mucous discharge
⚫ negative

Question 20

Official control measures in case of confirmation of African horse sickness outbreak

Answer 20

• Informing the public about restrictions
• Kill all infected horses
• Disposal of carcasses and animal waste
• Strict disinfection
• 20km zone
o Official surveillance, obligatory vaccination, lab exams of dogs, killing of dx dogs
• Epizootic enquiry
• Taking into account of epidemiological, geographical, climatic conditions

Question 21

Rules of preventive vaccination of dogs against rabies

Answer 21

• The animal keeper shall arrange, at his/her own cost, for the vaccination of all dogs >3 months old to be
performed by the private vet responsible for the health provisions of such dogs as follows o Within 30 days after reaching 3 months old, AND
o Within 6 months after the 1st vaccination, AND
o Every year after

Question 22

Rules of lifting the restrictions ordered in case of scabies:

Answer 22

• Observation period
o Sheep if <2 cm wool: 42 days after dipping
§ >2cm wool: 70 days after X2 dipping
§Other preparations: 42 days

o Other species
§ 42 days after X2 treatment

Question 23

Official control measures with rabbit flocks diseased of viral haemorrhagic disease

Answer 23

• Diseased
o Movement restrictions, slaughter prohibited; killing the rabbits
• Proper disposal of carcasses
• Valuable flock
o Killing of ONLY the dx animals, healthy animals in the flock are vaccinated
o Movement restrictions and vaccination is continued during the next 6 months

Question 24

** Definition of officially brucellosis free bovine herd **

Answer 24

• No CS for minimum 12 months
• No vaccination minimum 3 years
• All animals > 12 months
o 2 serological test (6-12 month interval)
• All introduced animals must be from officially free herds/ tested (within previous 30 days)
• Yearly testing
• General measures
o Isolation of holding, biosecurity, lab exams and records of them, isolated calving, control of movement of vehicles, control of dogs and cats on holding

Question 25

** Definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd **

Answer 25

• No CS for at least 12 months
• All animals > 6weeks old: 2 official intradermal tuberculin tests
o 1sT: 6 months after removal of the infected animals
o 2nd: 6-12 months later
• Animals introduced from officially free herds or tested (within 30 days)
• Meat inspection/ lesions: compulsory investigation
• Yearly TB testing
• General measures
o Isolation of the holding, record of comparative lab exams, control of movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding

Question 26

** Definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd **

Answer 26

• no case min 12 months
• no vax min 2 years
• serological tests
– blood/milk/meat juice sample from each bo over period not more than 12 months
- blood/milk/meat juice sample taken X2 @ 2-12m interval from
* all female bo >12 m
* all breeding/intended for breeding males >12m
* random sample of males not breeding >12m
• intro free + tested/ quarantine + tested
• all germinal products of bo intro from free/ approved germinal product establishments

Question 27

** Maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd **

Answer 27

• All animals >6 months old: tested every 12 months
• Slaughter: test before transport for slaughter
• Dairy herd: milk test every 6 months
• Aborted animals: test 3-6 weeks after abortion
• Only animals originating from free herds are introduced; test X2, 21 days interval
• negative sero test results on blood/milk/meat juice from all >24 m

Question 28

** Definition of Aujeszky’s disease infection free swine herd **

Answer 28

• No infection for 2 years
• No vax 12 m
• Epidemiological controls are in place
o Isolation, controlled movements, regular lab exams and records
• Test all breeding sows + boars and a representative sample of fattening pigs
• Insemination/ natural breeding only with negative boars/ semen

Question 29

Definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd

Answer 29

1) There is no evidence, either clinical or as a result of lab tests, of any case of enzootic bovine leukosis in the herd, and no such case has been confirmed in the previous 24 months; AND
2) All animals >24 months old have reacted negatively during the preceding 12 months to 2 test carried out at an interval of at least 4 months;
3) any animals introduced into the herd come from officially EBL free herd or originate from establishment where there has been no evidence of EBL within the 24 months prior to their dispatch; and
- >24 months - X2 4 month interval during isolation or; - serological test within 30D prior to introduction
- > all animals <24m born to dams subjected to sero tests with - regults during past 12 months X2 4 month interval
4) all germinal products of Bo animals intro are from free establishments or from approved germinal product establishment

Question 30

** Definition of potentially rabid animal **

Answer 30

• An animal that shows symptoms of the dx, OR
• An animal that is symptomless, but has been bitten by a potentially rabid animal, OR
• A wild mammal that behaves strangely or that attacks humans

Question 31

** Definition of potentially rabies-infected animal **

Answer 31

• An animals that has or may have been in contact with a rabid or potentially rabid animal within the last 90 days

Question 32

* Definition of rabies risky*

Answer 32

• Any mammal that has attacked/ bitten humans, OR

* Any dogs that has not received an anti-rabies vaccination in accordance with the regulations

Question 33

** Official measures with potentially rabid animals **

Answer 33

• The potentially rabid domestic animals or susceptible animals kept in captivity shall be killed OR, upon the animal keeper’s request, put under official monitoring for 90 days if the conditions of such monitoring can be ensured without any problem. The animals showing CS shall be inspected daily, while the animals not showing CS shall be inspected weekly
• The potentially rabid stray/ wild animals shall be killed and the official vet shall be informed without delay

Question 34

** Official measures with potentially rabies-infected animals **

Answer 34

• Potentially rabies-infected animals shall be put under official monitoring for 90 days
• Potentially rabies-infected carnivorous animals shall be monitored under isolation at the place of their keeping, inspected once every 3 weeks or, if their safe separation is not possible, at an official place
• Potentially rabies-infected non-carnivorous animals shall be inspected once every 3 weeks. During the monitoring period the animals shall be kept (and preferably tied) separately to avoid their contact with humans or other animals

Question 35

** Official measures with rabies risky animals **

Answer 35

• Rabies-risky animals shall be put under official monitoring for 14 days and, unless they already have it, the dogs shall be marked with an electronic transponder at the owner’s cost. At the end of the monitoring it is necessary to order the anti-rabies vaccination of the dogs not having a valid vaccination
• Rabies-risky carnivorous animals shall be monitored on the dog keeper’s site or, in lack of that, on any other site available and suitable for such purpose inhibiting any contact with humans and any other wild animals
• The animals showing any CS shall be inspected daily until they are fully recovered, while the animals not showing CS shall be inspected weekly
• Rabies-risky non-carnivorous animals shall be monitored at the place of their keeping or separation

Question 36

**Public health measures in case of rabies **

Answer 36

• The official vet shall notify the competent regional institution of medical authority if
o He/ she confirms rabies/ potential rabies
o He/she becomes aware of the fact that a rabid/ potentially rabid or potentially-rabies infected animals has attacked any person

• Upon the detection of any wound caused by a dog, cat or wild animal, the physician caring for the wound shall immediately notify in writing the competent vet authority about the information available with regard to the circumstances of the case including, in particular, the name and home address of the animal keeper. Based on such notification, the official vet shall take necessary measured without delay
• The autopsy of the rabid/ potentially rabid animal or the removal of its head for diagnostic purposes may be performed only in protective clothes to exclude the risk of infections