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MTAP: Immunohematology > Minor Blood Group System > Flashcards

Minor Blood Group System Flashcards

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1
Q

Significance of Minor Blood Group System:

A
  1. For medico-legal parenthood studies
  2. May cause transfusion reaction or HDN
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2
Q

Identify:
ISBT: 006
Antibody class: IgG
Optimal reaction temp: 37C
Reaction phase: AHG
Enyzme Treatment: No effect

A

Kell Blood Group System

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2
Q

Enumerate the antigens under the Kell Blood Group System

A
  1. K (Kell)
  2. k (Cellano)
  3. Kpa
  4. Kpb
  5. Kpc
  6. Jsa
  7. Jsb, and
  8. Ku
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2
Q

What are the common antigens under Kell?

A

Kpb, Jsb, and k (Cellano)

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2
Q

Very immunogenic, ______ is encountered frequently and can cause HTR and HDN

A

anti-K

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2
Q

This is produced by a gene located on a different chromesome than the Kell system genes

A

Kx antigen

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2
Q

Also known as Ko, RBCs lack the K antigens but have the Kx antigen.

A

Kell null

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2
Q

Kell blood group system is abot how many percent in the population

A

9%

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2
Q

This have increased amounts of Kx

A

Knull

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2
Q

Individuals with alteration of the allele-producing Kx on the X chromesome lack Kx on the red blood cells

A

McLeod phenotype

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2
Q

Has greatly decreased expression of Kell antigens and decreased RBC survival as well as RBC morphologic and functional abnormalities

A

McLeod phenotype

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2
Q

Identify:
ISBT: 008
Antibody class: IgG
Optimal reaction temp: 37C
Reaction phase: AHG
Enyzme Treatment: Destroys Fya and Fyb

A

Duffy Blood Group System

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2
Q

In Duffy Blood Group System, these can cause HTR and HDN

A

Anti-Fya and anti-Fyb

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2
Q

In Duffy Blood Group System, this phenotype is more resistant to malarial infection by P. vivax

A

Fy (a-b-)

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2
Q

Antigens under the Duffy Blood Group System

A

Fya and Fyb

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2
Q

Four phenotypes under the Duffy Blood Group System

A

Fy(a+b-), Fy(a-b+), Fy(a+b+), Fy(a-b-)

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2
Q

Silent allele under the Duffy Blood Group System

A

Fy

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2
Q

These react more strongly with homozygous cells

A

Weak antibodies

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2
Q

Identify:
ISBT: 009
Antibody class: IgG
Optimal reaction temp: 37C
Reaction phase: AHG
Enyzme Treatment: enhances agglutination

A

Kidd Blood Group System

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3
Q

Clinically significant because it is ssociated with HTR and mild HDN

A

Kidd Blood Group System

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3
Q

Whst are the antigens under the Kidd Blood Group System

A

Jka, Jkb, Jk3

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3
Q

____ codes for Jka and Jk3; ___ codes for Jkb and Jk3

A

Jka; Jkb

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3
Q

How many phenotypes are there in Kidd Blood Group System?

A

Four phenotypes: Jk(a+b-), Jk(a-b+), Jk(a+b+), Jk(a-b-)

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3
Q

Bind complement, its antibodies deteriorate in storage, commonly cause delayed HTR (DHTR)
(declining quickly to below detectable level in serum)

A

Kidd Blood Group System

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3
Identify: ISBT: 005 Antibody class: IgM; IgG Optimal reaction temp: 4C; 37C Reaction phase: RT; AHG Enyzme Treatment: Variable effect
Lutheran Blood Group System
3
Which antibody under the Lutheran Blood Group System is considered clinically significant?
Anti-Lub (its antibody class is IgG, optimal reaction temp is at 37C, and its reaction phase is at AHG)
3
Lutheran antibody that has no clinical significance and can be present without prior transfusion or pregnancy
Anti-Lua
4
Lutheran antibody that is rare and associated with HTR and HDN
Anti-Lub
5
How many antigens are there under the Lutheran Blood Group System?
18 total, including Aua and Aub
6
Alleles in the Lutheran Blood Group System
Lua, Lub
6
Identify: ISBT: 007 Antibody class: IgM Optimal reaction temp: most often 4C, sometimes 37C Reaction phase: RT, 37C, AHG Enyzme Treatment: Enhanced agglutination
Lewis Blood Group System
7
Produced by tissue cells and secreted into fluids. Antigens are adsorbed onto the RBC membranes
Lewis Blood Group System
8
They are Lea positive if they inherit the Le gene.
Bombay phenotypes
9
In this blood group, it maay take 6 years to fully develop its antigens
Lewis Blood Group System
9
In Lewis Blood Group System, if _____ is inherited, Lea is adsorbed onto RBCs- Le(a+b-)
Le gene
10
In Lewis Blood Group System, it is the only antigen that can be secreted by a nonsecretor
Lea
11
In Lewis Blood Group System, if ____ is also inherited, Leb is adsorbed onto the RBC – Le(a-b+)
Se gene
11
Reacts with both Lea and Leb as a single antibody. Reacts at room temperature or colder.
Anti-Lex
12
Cause some in vitro hemolysis
Lewis Blood Group System
12
In Lewis Blood Group System, ___ may cause HTR, _______ rarely cause HTR.
Lea; Leb (Anti-LebH, Anti-LebL)
12
What makes a blood group system clinically significant?
If its antibody class is IgG, reacts at 37C, and its reaction phase is in AHG
13
Identify: ISBT: 027 Antibody class: IgM Optimal reaction temp: 4C Reaction phase: Immediate spin (IS) and occassionally 37C Enyzme Treatment: Enhanced agglutination
I Blood Group System
13
Antigens under I Blood Group System
I, i
14
In I Blood Group System, which antigen present in almost all of healthy adults
"I" antigen
15
In I Blood Group System, which antigen are present in newborns?
"i" antigen
15
Newborns do not have much I antigen, at about _____ "i" is replaced with "I"
18 months
16
This substance can be found in saliva, human milk, on lymphocytes and platelets
I substance
17
Antibodies under the I Blood Group System
Anti-I, Anti-i
18
Can be a bothersome antibody, masking the reactions of clinically significant alloantibody. May need to prewarm cell suspension and reagent or do cold autoabsorption to find clinically significant alloantibodies
Antibody under the I Blood Group System
19
Associated with Mycoplasmapneumoniae infection
Strong anti-I
20
Does not cause HTR unless it react in 37C and is a **cold agglutinin**
I Blood Group System
21
Identify: ISBT: 003 Antibody class: IgM Optimal reaction temp: 4C Reaction phase: IS, 37C, and AHG Enyzme Treatment: Destroys Enhanced agglutination
P Blood Group System
22
The only P antibody that is not clinically significant
Anti-P
23
What are clinically significant antibodies under the P Blood Group System
Anti-P1 + P + Pk
24
It is the Donath-Landsteiner antibody
Auntoanti-P
25
Can be neutralized by soluble P1 reagent
Anti-P1
26
Phenotypes under the P Blood Group System
P1, P2, p, P1k, P2k
27
Alleles under the P Blood Group System
P1 , P, Pk, and p
28
Naturally occuring biphasic antibody associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Donath-Landsteiner antibody
29
Binds to the antigen of patient’s RBC in the cold and fixes complement
Donath-Landsteiner antibody
30
RBCs is hemolyzed when temperature reaches 37 C
Donath-Landsteiner antibody
31
Patients with _____ may require a blood warmer for transfusion
autoanti-P
32
Found in individuals of the p phenotype. Clinically significant and associated with **spontaneous abortions**
Anti-PP1Pk
33
Needs compatible blood from p phenotype individuals
Anti-PP1Pk
34
Identify: ISBT: 002 Antibody class: IgM Optimal reaction temp: 4C or 37C Reaction phase: IS, 37C, or AHG Enyzme Treatment: Destroys antigens Associated with **glycophorin A**
MN of the MNS Blood Group System
35
Identify: ISBT: 002 Antibody class: IgG Optimal reaction temp: 37C Reaction phase: AHG Enyzme Treatment: Variable effect Associated with **glycophorin B**
Ss of the MNS Blood Group System
36
Clinically significant if IgG; IgM antibody is not clinically significant. Demonstrates dosage effect
Anti-M
37
MNS antibody that is rare
Anti-N
38
MNS antibodies that are clinically significant, causes HTR and HDN
Anti-S, Anti-s, and Anti-U
39
Rare and occurs in S-s-U- people.
Anti-U
40
Four gene complexes in MNS Blood Group System
MS, Ms, NS, Ns
41
Other alleles in MNS Blood Group System
Mg, Mk, Mc, Mr, Mz, Mv, Na, T1m, Sj, S2
42
High-incidence antigen/s of Diego Blood Group
Dib and Wrb
43
Found in Chippawah Native Americans and Japanese and Chinese
Dia
44
A miscellaneous blood group that is usually IgG and reacts in AHG phase
Cartwright (Yt)
45
High-incidence antigen/s of Cartwright Blood Group
Yta
46
Sex-linked inheretance, uncommon antibody, reacts in AHG phase and is destroyed by enzymes
XG
47
Miscellaneous blood group described as having rare antibodies
Scianna
48
How many percent in males and females are Xga positive?
Male- 66% Female- 89%
49
High-incidence antigen/s of Scianna Blood Group
Sc1 and Sc3
50
Miscellaneous blood group described as having uncommon antibodies
Dombrock (Do)
51
High-incidence antigen/s of Dombrock Blood Group
Gya, Hy, Joa
52
Identify: - Antibodies: IgG - Clinically significant - The null phenotype has been found and associated with genetic abnormality and anemia
Colton (Co)
53
High-incidence antigen/s of Colton Blood Group
Coa
54
High-incidence antigen/s of Chido/Rodgers Blood Group
Cha and Rga
55
High-incidence antigen/s of Gerbich Blood Group
Ge2, Ge3, Ge4
56
Identify: - Antibodies: IgG - Reacts to AHG - Clinically significant *hint: miscellaneous blood group ni*
Gerbich
57
High-incidence antigen/s of Cromer Blood Group
Cra and several others
58
High-incidence antigen/s of Knops Blood Group
Kna, McCa, Sl1, and Yka
59
Depressed in some diseases
Knops Blood Group
60
High-incidence antigen/s of Cost Blood Group
Csa
61
A miscellaneous blood group that is hemolytic, and clinically significant antibody
Vel
62
High-incidence antigen/s of Vel Blood Group
Vel gihapon :D
63
High-incidence antigen/s of John Milton Hagen Blood Group
JMH
64
High-incidence antigen/s of Sid Blood Group
Sda
65
Not considered clinically significant since anyreaction seen in the test tube will not be seen in the warmer temperatures of the body
Systems with cold-reacting antibodies
66
Cold-reacting antibodies are antibodies formed that react at?
Temperatures 25C or colder
67
Not likely to cause a transfusion-related accident
Systems with cold-reacting antibodies
68
Enumerate the cold-reacting antibodies
1. Lewis (Le) 2. MNS 3. Pp 4. Ii
69
Enumerate the warm-reacting antibodies
1. Kell (K)- Cellano (k) *specifically* 2. Kidd (Jk) 3. Duffy (Fy)
70
Reactive mediumat 37C in anti-human globulin. Clinically significant, most likely to cause HDN and HTR
Systems with warm- reacting antibodies
71
Enumerate the blood groups that are clinically significant
1. Kell 2. Duffy 3. Kidd 4. Lutheran (Lub specifically) 5. Pp ( Anti-P1+P+Pk specifically) 6. MNS (MN if IgG ang antibody class pero usually IgM siya; Ss and U bec. IgG ang antibody class nila) *Miscellaneous* 7. Colton 8. Gerbich 9. Vel

MTAP: Immunohematology (9 decks)

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