MINOR BLOOD GROUPS

Question 1

second blood group system discovered, is
probably second only to Rh in its complexity

Answer 1

MNS BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

Question 2

Carried on glycophorin A
(GPA)

Answer 2

M and N determinants

Question 3

The enzymes_____
have a rather broad specificity and the
preparations available are often crude
compared with trypsin and chymotrypsin

Answer 3

papain, ficin, and bromelin

Question 4

GPA and GPB carry about _____ and
____O-linked oligosaccharides,

Answer 4

15 and 11

Question 5

Unusual MNS phenotypes caused by two very rare
gene deletions:

Answer 5

En (-a) and MK

Question 6

The name Mᴷ was coined by ____

Answer 6

Metaxas and MetaxasBühler

Question 7

deletion of the coding region of
GYPA, causes a deficiency of GPA,
but not GPB

Answer 7

En (-a)

Question 8

a very rare antigen first described by Allen et al.
in 1958

Answer 8

Mg

Question 9

a rare allele of M and N found by Dunsford et al.
in an English family, produces a determinant that
reacts with the majority of anti-M

Answer 9

Mc

Question 10

polymorphism is represented by a single
amino acid substitution in GPB at position 29

Answer 10

S/s

Question 11

S, s, and most other MNS system antibodies are not
_____dependent

Answer 11

sialic acid

Question 12

S–s–U– and S–s–U+var cells usually lack the
____ carried on GPB (‘N’)

Answer 12

trypsin-resistant N antigen

Question 13

S–s–U– red cells are deficient in ___

Answer 13

GPB.

Question 14

IgG
antibodies could agglutinate saline
suspensions of ____

Answer 14

M+ red cells.

Question 15

____reagents are notorious for containing
antibodies to private antigens.

Answer 15

Anti-S

Question 16

____has been responsible for severe and
fatal HDN and for a delayed haemolytic
transfusion reaction

Answer 16

Anti-s

Question 17

____ are generally
non-complement-binding IgG antibodies
containing an IgG1 component

Answer 17

Anti-U

Question 18

____ are generally
non-complement-binding IgG antibodies
containing an IgG1 component

Answer 18

Anti-U

Question 19

which arises from
homozygosity for a silent gene at the KEL locus.

Answer 19

Ko

Question 20

antigen is present on all cells save those of the Ko
phenotype

Answer 20

Ku

Question 21

located on CD238

Answer 21

kell antigen

Question 22

● KEL is situated on chromosome___

Answer 22

7q32–q36

Question 23

a form of neuroancanthocytosis,
which includes an abnormal Kell red cell phenotype

Answer 23

McLeod syndrome

Question 24

Kell system antigens are destroyed by
____ reducing agents and so must be
dependent on the native conformation of the molecule

Answer 24

disulphide-bond

Question 25

______is the only Kell antigen not shown to be inherited.

Answer 25

k18

Question 26

The___consists of one antigen, Kx (XK1 or 019001), encoded by an X-linked gene, XK

Answer 26

Kx system

Question 27

relatively common cause of severe haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

Answer 27

Anti-K

Question 28

The first ___was found during routine crossmatching

Answer 28

anti-Kpᵇ(Rautenberg)

Question 29

The first anti-Kpc , called anti-Levay for 34 years, was made by a patient with lupus _____ in response to transfusion

Answer 29

erythematosus diffusus

Question 30

The Jsa /Jsb polymorphism is associated with two nucleotide changes in exon ____

Answer 30

17 of KEL

Question 31

Anti-Jsa generally react best by the ___and are red cell immune in origin

Answer 31

antiglobulin test

Question 32

All examples of____have been found in black people.

Answer 32

anti-Jsᵇ

Question 33

___ is the typical antibody of immunized Ko individuals and detects an antigen present on all red cells apart from those of the Ko phenotype.

Answer 33

Anti-Ku

Question 34

It appears to be a single specificity and cannot be separated, by adsorption and elution, into components of other Kell specificity

Answer 34

Anti-Ku

Question 35

A rare null phenotype,_____ is generally inherited recessively and is most commonly found in Polynesians

Answer 35

Jk(a–b–)

Question 36

The JK (SLC14A1) locus is on chromosome ____

Answer 36

18 at 18q11–q12

Question 37

Anti - Jkᵃ detectable only by the manual ____was responsible for an HTR, emphasising the importance of detecting weak Kidd antibodies.

Answer 37

Polybrene test

Question 38

Anti - Jkᵃ detectable only by the manual ____was responsible for an HTR, emphasising the importance of detecting weak Kidd antibodies.

Answer 38

Polybrene test

Question 39

IgM human monoclonal anti - Jkᵃ and - Jkᵇ have been produced by _____

Answer 39

Epstein - Barr virus

Question 40

IgM human monoclonal anti - Jkᵃ and - Jkᵇ have been produced by Epstein - Barr virus - transformation of lymphocytes from immunised donors and fusion with mouse myeloma cells to form ____

Answer 40

heterohybridomas

Question 41

The Kidd glycoprotein is present on ___, the vascular supply of the renal medulla, but is not present in renal tubules .

Answer 41

endothelial cells of the vasa recta

Question 42

Fyˣ behaves as a ____

Answer 42

weak Fyᵇ

Question 43

Duffy glycoprotein is a binding protein for chemokines and often referred to as ______

Answer 43

Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC).

Question 44

Anti – Fyᵃ are usually IgG, mostly ____

Answer 44

IgG1.

Question 45

_____ is a relatively rare antibody usually found only in mixtures of red cell antibodies

Answer 45

Anti - Fyᵇ

Question 46

_____ is a public antigen in people of European and Asian origin, polymorphic in many black populations, and a private antigen in some parts of Africa.

Answer 46

Fy3

Question 47

Fy5 is a _____– resistant antigen.

Answer 47

protease

Question 48

Fy(a – b – ) human red cells are refractory to invasion by_____ and ___ , in vitro , whereas Fy(a+ b + ) cells are invaded

Answer 48

P. knowlesi and P. vivax

Question 49

Duffy is a chemokine - binding protein with no signalling function and has been referred to as a _____(internalising receptor)

Answer 49

‘ silent receptor ’ or interceptor