Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS3 - Oral Surgery > Minor Oral Surgical Techniques > Flashcards

Minor Oral Surgical Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

how can thick cortical bone help cause a tooth to fracture

A
  • when expanding the socket we are also expanding the bone and it is thick it is harder to expand so more likely to break tooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how can root shape cause tooth to fracture

A
  • curved roots are more likely to break
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how can root number cause tooth to fracture

A
  • harder usually if there is more, especially if they are fused together
  • roots pointing in different directions can also be difficult
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is hypercementosis

A
  • too much cementum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can cause hypercementosis

A
  • some metabolism reasons

- most commonly, increased load on the tooth causes excess deposition of cementum towards apex of the tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is ankylosis

A
  • fusion of root and adjacent bone

- direct contact between tooth and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how can ankylosis cause teeth to fracture

A
  • loss pdl space
  • will fracture bone removing tooth
  • difficult to distinguish between bone and tooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how can alignment cause teeth to fracture

A
  • maligned teeth are more likely to break
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what cause teeth to fracture

A
  • thick cortical bone
  • root shape
  • root number
  • hypercementosis
  • ankylosis
  • caries
  • alignment
  • poor technique
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why do we need to explain procedure well to patient

A
  • need to get informed consent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of stitches do we use most now

A
  • dissolvable

- need to warn patient that it can take 1-3 weeks for them to dissolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are some post-op complications to warn patient of

A
  • pain
  • swelling
  • bruising
  • jaw stiffness
  • bleeding
  • dry socket
  • infection
  • nerve damage risk = numbness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is a dry socket most common

A
  • in lower jaw and further back in the mouth
  • highest risk area if lower wisdom teeth
  • more common in women
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why are elevators useful

A
  • if we use them well, we can avoid a surgical procedure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why is a surgical principle to have maximal access with minimal trauma

A
  • if make incision too small, when we retract it, it can rip which causes more problems
  • want to be quite generous with access
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why are wide based incisions done

A
  • for better blood flow for healing afterwards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how should an incision be made

A
  • use scalpel in one firm continuous stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why do we not want any shape angles

A
  • get necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what happens if we cause trauma to the dental papillae

A
  • more likely to get recession
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what kind of flap should be raised

A
  • flap retraction should be down to bone
  • raise mucoperiosteal flap
  • raise everything together to expose bone
  • don’t want to leave periosteum behind
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why do we avoid crushing

A
  • crushed tissues will bruise and swell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why do we need to keep tissue moist

A
  • if we over dry the tissues they might necroses or have issues healing afterwards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why do we need to make sure the flap margins and sutures will lie on sound bone

A
  • design flap so once you finis doing surgery, once the flap is back down, the edges of the flap don’t rest on a hole
  • they should rest on bone as if they rest on a hole they will fall into it when healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

why do we make sure wounds are not closed under tension

A
  • compromises blood supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

why do we aim for healing by primary intention

A
  • to minimise scarring

- luckily, intra-oral mucosal doesn’t scar much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how do we get access to operative field

A
  • use a straight handpiece
  • burs used are much longer than we are used to
  • want good retraction so don’t catch soft tissue in bur
27
Q

why do we need soft tissue retraction

A
  • access to operative field
  • protection of soft tissues
  • flap design facilitates retraction
28
Q

how can the flap remain retractted

A
  • once flap has been raised, elevators can also keep it retracted
  • tip of them should be rested on bone and not on soft tissue as it will damage soft tissue
29
Q

what instruments are used for elevating and retracting

A
  • Howarth’s periosteal elevator

- Bowdler-Henry retractor = also called rake

30
Q

what is the Bowlder-Henry

A
  • also known as the rake
  • tip looks a bit like a rake
  • good to raise flap and hold it out the way
  • should be resting on bone
31
Q

when do we need to raise a flap

A
  • when we fracture crown so low down we can’t even use an elevator
32
Q

what kind of flap design do we use

A
  • depend on access you require

- if premolar need to be wary of mental foramen

33
Q

what incision do we start with

A
  • crevicular incision
34
Q

what is the crevicular incision

A
  • incision along the gingival crevice
  • between the tooth and attached gingiva
  • how long it is depends on flap
35
Q

what is a distal relieving incision

A
  • going down the gum distal to the tooth
  • best one in the textbooks but practically it is not the best to do = need to pull tissue towards you which is harder than pushing away from you as you do with mesial
36
Q

what happens if raising a flap is not enough to get access

A
  • need to remove some bone as well to get better access
  • easiest place to remove bone is buccally = rarely do lingual side as hard to control handpiece
  • creating a gutter between buccal cortex and buccal bone
37
Q

where are stitches placed

A
  • distal papilla, mesial papilla, and on distal/mesial incision
38
Q

which suture is placed first

A
  • distal papilla suture first as it can sort of hold everything else down to suture them
39
Q

what happens if distal incision goes beyond position of attached gingiva

A
  • it is more vascular here so will get more swelling and bleeding
40
Q

what is another name for a single crevicular flap

A
  • envelope flap

- used to describe the one-sided flap

41
Q

what is the problem with called a single crevicular flap an envelope flap

A
  • when we remove wisdom teeth, there is a 2-sided flap again which is also called an envelope flap which makes it confusing
42
Q

if doing a one-sided flap instead of 2 what needs to be changed

A
  • needs to be a longer incision
43
Q

what is good about a one-sided flap

A
  • no relieving incision so far less bruising and swelling and less risk of nerve damage as nowhere near nerve
44
Q

how can you deal with a lower 6

A
  • drill right through the middle fo the tooth to separate into 2 roots
  • can then elevate from the hole you have created
45
Q

when debriding why don’t we want to be vigorous

A
  • don’t want to damage important structure while cleaning the area
46
Q

how do we physically debride area

A
  • bone file or handpiece to remove sharp bony edges

- Mitchell’s trimmer or Victoria curette to remove soft tissue debris

47
Q

what does a Mitchell’s trimmer look like

A
  • one end looks like a perio instrument and the other looks like a large excavator
  • has multiple uses
48
Q

what does a Victoria curette look like

A
  • excavator on each end
49
Q

how do we irrigate the area

A
  • sterile/saline water into socket under flap

- important especially if have been filing bone as don’t want leave any fragments behind

50
Q

how do we suction the area

A
  • aspirate under flap to remove debris
  • check socket for retained apices
  • use very fine suction = can easily get clogged up
51
Q

what are the aims of suturing

A
  • reposition tissues
  • cover bone
  • prevent wound breakdown
  • achieve haemostats
  • encourage healing by primary intention
  • compresses blood vessels
52
Q

why do we avoid having flap rest on an empty space

A
  • will collapse into the space

- bigger issue when removing cyst, not as much an issue with just a root being removed

53
Q

what are the 2 main types of sutures

A
  • resorbable

- non-resorbable

54
Q

what is the monofilament type of resorbable suture

A
  • monocryl = poliglecaprone 25

- not used in dentistry

55
Q

what is the multifilament type of resorbable suture

A
  • vicryl rapide = polyglactin 910

- don’t really use anymore at GDH

56
Q

what is the monofilament type of non-resorbable suture

A
  • prolene = polypropylene
57
Q

what is the multifilament type of non-resorbable suture

A
  • mersilk = black silk

- need to get patient back in if use test

58
Q

where is prolene used

A
  • essentially this is nylon
  • very smooth
  • used in areas where skin is more prone to scarring
  • on lip for example
59
Q

what happens if we used a multifilament material on the skin

A
  • will get spots where every stitch was placed
60
Q

how do we get haemostasis peri-operative

A
  • LA with vasoconstrictor
  • artery forceps
  • diathermy
  • bone wax
61
Q

what is the problem with bone wax

A
  • can stick to gloves

- it is a foreign body that the body doesn’t like having in it

62
Q

how can we get haemostasis post-operative

A
  • pressure
  • LA with vasoconstrictor
  • diathermy
  • Whitehead’s Varnish Pack = iodoform, gum benzoin, storax, balsam tolu, ethyl ether
  • surgicel
  • sutures
  • there are various collagen-based materials to help blood clot form
63
Q

do we give patients antibiotics

A
  • not routinely, but can give painkillers as it will be painful

BDS3 - Oral Surgery (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions