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Question 1

Definition of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax

Answer 1

✓ In contact with an animal that died of, diseased in or sispicious to Anthrax within the past 20 days (Max. Incubation period) before confirmation.
✓ Consumed the same feedstuff or water of the same origin as an animal died of, diseased in or suspicious to.
✓ Grazed on a pasture infected with anthrax without vaccination 2weeks – 6 months before.

Question 2

definition of animals diseased with anthrax

Answer 2

✓ Typical clinical signs
✓ Characteristic PM lesions
✓ Laboratory findings.

Question 3

official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax

Answer 3

✓ Separate the animal (s) and treat with AB, hyperimmune sera, change the feed, change the pasture and the drinking water.

Question 4

official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax

Answer 4

✓ Separate the animal and vaccinate with a 14 days observation period.
✓ Cattle + horse: Take the temp every day (How to remember – more valuable)
✓ Sheep, goat and pigs: Daily observation
✓ If any of these animals shows clinical signs -> treat!

Question 5

rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion

Answer 5

✓ 1 g sample of an un-ruptures/newly ruptures vesicle which should be put in a container with the pH of 7,2-7-4, kept at 4 degrees.
✓ Oesophageo-pharyngeal fluid collected with a probang cup.

Question 6

use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD

Answer 6

✓ In case of an outbreak with a lot of animals involved, it is possible to apply to the european commission to legalize suppressive vaccination in that clearly identified holding within the protection zone only. This can be legalized if there are so many animals and with no capacity to slaughter all of them immedietly. A suppressive vaccine will decrease the shedding of the virus and lower the spread.
✓ These vaccinated animals must be slaughtered for the country to regain its free status.

Question 7

rules of recovery of foot-and mouth disease free status if no vaccination has been used

Answer 7

✓ The control and eradication measures in the protective zone and survellience zone where effective and lifted.
✓ At leas 3 months have elapsed since the last outbreak.

Question 8

definition of officially brucellosis free bovine herd

Answer 8

✓ No clinical signs within the past 12 months
✓ No vaccination within the past 3 years
✓ All aminals above 12 months should have 2 serological test with an interval of 6-12 months
✓ All animals introduced should be from a free herd or tested within 30 days.
✓ Regular testing (every year)
✓ General measures (isolate the holding, keep records of laboratory tests, separate calving, control of movements of visitors, animals and vehicles, control of dogs and cats etc.)

Question 9

definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 9

✓ Local reaction and/or 4 mm or more increase in thickness of the injection site.

Question 10

definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 10

✓ Limited swelling, less than 2 mm increase in size at the injection site. There should be no local reaction such as edema, necrosis, pain or inflammation.

Question 11

definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 11

✓ More than 4 mm greater than the avian reaction, or the presence of clinical signs.

Question 12

definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 12

✓ A negative bovine reaction or a positive or incuncusive reaction but which is equal to or less than a positive/inconclusive avian reaction with no local reaction in both cases.

Question 13

definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd

Answer 13

✓ No clinical signs within the past 12 months
✓ All animals above 6 weeks should be officially tested with a tuberculin test twice.
1. 6 months after removal of infected animals
2. 6-12 months thereafter.
✓ New animals should come from a free herd or be tested within 30 days.
✓ In case of meat inspection lesions, compulsory testing should be performed.
✓ Yearly testing of all animals above 12 months.
✓ General measures: Isolation, keep lab records, separate calving, control movements of vehicles, people, animals such as dogs and cats too etc.

Question 14

definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd

Answer 14

✓ No evidence of disease (either clinical signs or laboratory tests) within the past 24 months.
✓ All animals above 24 months of age should have tested negative twice with an interval of 4-12 months.
✓ New animals above 24 months old should either come from an officially free herd or originate from a herd without evidences of EBL within the past 24 months
AND two negative serological tests with an interval of 4-12 months while kept in isolation
OR have submitted a negative serological sample within 30 days prior to introduction
✓ New animals below 24 months old where born to dams that can show two negative test results within 12 months with at least 4 months between the two tests.
✓ All germinative products of bovine animals introduced into the establishement should come from an officially free establishment or an approved germinal production establishment.

Question 15

definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd

Answer 15

✓ No disease of IBR within the past 12 months.
✓ No vaccination within the past 2 years.
✓ serological test of Blood, milk or meat juice of ALL BOVINE animals over a period not exceeding 12 months.
✓ OR min 2 samples of blood, milk or meat juice within an interval of 2-12 months:
o All female bovine animals above 12 months (evt. 3 bulk milk samples with the minimum of 3 months between each of them)
o All male bovines intended for breeding above 12 months
o One sample of a random bovine animal above 12 months.
✓ In case of introduction of a new animal it should come from an IBR free farm AND tested negative OR quaranteened AND tested negatively.
✓ Germinal products should come from an officially free farm or approved germinal product. establishment.

Question 16

maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd

Answer 16

✓ All general measures should be fulfilled
✓ Serological testing annually of all animals above 24 months from blood, milk or meat juice (can be 3 bulk milk samples with intervals of minimum 3 months)
✓ Control of all imported animals (should originate from a free herd and test)

Question 17

definition of specified risk material in bovine animals

Answer 17

✓ All bovine animals: Tonsils and intestines from the 4 last meter of the SI, cecum and the mesentery.
✓ Above 12 months: The skull excluding the mandible, including the brain, eyes and the spinal cord.
✓ Above 30 months: The vertebral column excluding the tail, the transverse processes of the lumbal and thoracic vertebrae, including the dorsal root ggl and spinal cord.

Question 18

definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals

Answer 18

✓ All animals: Spleen and ileum

✓ Above 12 months/permanent incisors have erupted: The skull including the brain and eyes, tonsills and the spinal cord.

Question 19

definition of “cohort” in case of confirmation of BSE

Answer 19

✓ Group of animals that have lived together with/consumed the same feed as/born in the same herd as/reared together with an affected animal during the past 12 months (during their first year if grown up/born together).
✓ Group of bovine animals which where either born in the same herd as, and within 12 months preceeding or following birth of the affected cattle or reared together with the affected animal at any time during the first year of their life and which may have consumed the same feed as that which affected animal consumed during the first year of its life.

Question 20

official measure in case of confirmation of African swine fever on a holding

Answer 20

✓ All pigs on the holding should be killed and their carcass should be processed.
✓ All infective materials or waste must be destroyed processed or treated.
✓ Cleaning and disinfection of all premises, vehicles and equipment under official control.
✓ Meat of pigs slaughtered between the time of possible infection and measures should be whenever possible traced back and processed under official control.
✓ Protection zone of 3 km minimum 15 days
o Test before lifting the restrictions
✓ Survelliance zone of 10 km minimum 30 days
o Test before lifting the restrictions
✓ Census of all the holdings
✓ Movement ban on pigs
✓ No markets/fairs etc
✓ Movement restrictions on products, persons and vehicles
✓ Strict cleaning and disinfection

Question 21

official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on a holding

Answer 21

✓ All the pigs on the holding should be killed and their carcasses processed.
✓ Any contaminated material or waste should be destroyed, processed or treated.
✓ Cleaning and disinfection under official supervision.
✓ Meat of pigs slaughtered during the period of when infection was possible should whenever possible be traced and processed under official supervision.
✓ Epidemiological inquiry.
✓ Protection zone: min 3 km. 15 days
✓ Survelliance zone: min. 10 km, 30 days

Question 22

official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever in feral pigs

Answer 22

✓ Determine the infected area
✓ Official survelliance of the surrounding pig farms
✓ Official census
✓ No pigs enters or leaves the area without authorization
✓ Isolate the domestic pigs from the feral pigs
✓ Written plan on the measures taken to eradicate the disease in the area.

Question 23

use of vaccination in case of confirmation of classical swine fever

Answer 23

✓ Preventive vaccination is prohibited.
✓ In case of an outbreak the state can apply to the european commision on using an emergency marker vaccine (destinguishable from the wild virus) in both feral and domestic pigs.

Question 24

definition of Aujeszky disease infection free swine herd

Answer 24

✓ No infection within the past 2 years
✓ No vaccination within the past 12 months
✓ Epidemiological measures (isolation, movement control, keep records, lab exams)
✓ Testing of breeding boars and sows, and a representative sample of fattening pigs.
o Large scale farm:
▪ Boars – Every 6 months
▪ Sows – 20-50% every 6 months
▪ Representative nr. Of fattening pigs
o Small scale farm:
▪ Boars and sows every year
▪ 5% of the pigs over 4 months.
o AI stations:
▪ Boars should be tested every 6 months
✓ Insemination/natural breeding with negative semen/boars.

Question 25

definition of animals diseased of equine infectious anaemia

Answer 25

✓ Typical clinical signs OR
✓ Non-typical CS but detecteble virus / 2 x positive serological tests (interval: 21 days)
✓ Pathology/histopathology

Question 26

definition of animals suspected of being contaminated with equine infectious anaemia

Answer 26

✓ No clinical signs but 2 inconclusive or one positive serological tests with an interval of 21 days.
✓ Been in contact with a d/sd animal in the past 90 days.

Question 27

evaluation of ophthalmic test in case of glanders

Answer 27

✓ This is a 24 hours test:
o Drip 0,2 ml of mallein into the conjunctiva
o Evaluate after 8-12 hours or 16-24 hours
▪ Swelling and purulent discharge +
▪ Mucoid discharge +/-
▪ No signs -
✓ A few drops of mallein is dripped into the eye canthus.
✓ In a positive case the surrounding eye (even the whole side of the face) will be swollen, in addition to some increased discharge from the eye. Also the opposite side might be swollen to a lesser extent.

Question 28

official control measures in case of confirmation of African horse sickness outbreak

Answer 28

✓ Modified stamping out where all affected animals are killed.
✓ Disposal of carcasses and animal waste
✓ 20 km survellience zone with obligatory vaccination, laboratory examination of the dogs and kill the diseased dogs.
✓ Inform the public
✓ Strict disinfection
✓ Epidemiological measures, geography and climatic conditions.
✓ Epizootic inquiry
✓ Protection zone of 100 km for min 12 months
o Disinsectization
o Inform the public about the restrictions
o Visit all the equidae and take samples
o No movement except emergency slaughter
o Geography, climate, epidemiological measures
✓ Survellience zone of + 50 km for min 12 months
o Disinsectisation
o Inform the public about the restrictions
o Visit all holdings keeping equidae and take samples
o Movement restrictions, only emergency slaughter
o General epi measures, climate, geography
o No vaccination is allowed

Question 29

definition of potentially rabid animal

Answer 29

✓ Shows typical clinical signs
✓ Any wild mammal behaving strangely or attacking humans
✓ Any symptomless animal that have been bitten by a
Rabid/potentially rabid animal

Question 30

definition of potentially rabies-infected animal

Answer 30

✓ Has/may have been in contact with a rabid or potentially rabid animal within the past 90 days.

Question 31

definition of rabies risky animal

Answer 31

✓ Any mammal attacking or biting humans

✓ Dogs that have not recieved their vaccination according to the regulations

Question 32

official measures with potentially rabid animals

Answer 32

✓ Wild animals should be killed
✓ Upon the owners request the animals can be put into a 90 day monitoring period if the conditions around can let it.
✓ In case the animal shows clinical signs it should be observed daily
✓ In case of no clinical signs it should be observed weekly.

Question 33

official measures with potentially rabies-infected animals

Answer 33

✓ Carnivorous animals should be put under official monitoring for 90 days at separation on their place of keeping. They should be inspected every 3 week.
✓ Non-carnivorous animals should be put under official monitoring for 90 days and should prefferably be tied and separated to avoid contact with other animals and humans. They should be observed every 3 weeks.

Question 34

official measures with potentially rabies risky animals

Answer 34

✓ Carnivorous animals should be put under official monitoring for 14 days at the place of keeping, isolated from other animals and humans. They should also be microchipped if they are not yet. In case they are not vaccinated, this should be performed after this period.
o In case of clinical signs – Daily monitoring
o In case of no clinical signs – Weekly monitoring
✓ Non-carnivorous animals should be put under official monitoring for 14 days at their place of living isolated from humans and animals.

Question 35

rules of preventive vaccination of dogs against rabies

Answer 35

✓ Dogs turning 3 months should be vaccinated within 30 days after turning 3 months (monovalent). Thereafter the second dose should be given within 6 months after the first dose (monovalent). After this, it should be vaccinated every year (polyvalent)

Question 36

public health measures in case of rabies

Answer 36

✓ The official vet should notify the competent regional institution of medical autority in case of:
o Potential rabid animal/rabid animal confirmation
o Rabid/potential rabid/potentially rabies infected animal has bitten a person
✓ In case the medical doctor reports bite from a dog/cat/wild animal, it should notify the official vet with the accident in addition to all contact information incl the address of the owner of the animal. Thereafter the official vet should follow up without delay.
✓ In case of autopsy of a rabies or potential rabid animal or removal of the head can only be performed in protective clothing!

Question 37

official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease on a holding

Answer 37

✓ All poultry should be killed on the spot.
✓ The carcasses and eggs should be destroyed
✓ All substances or waste that can be contaminated should be destroyed.
✓ Strict cleaning and disinfection
✓ All the meat which was slaughter during this incubation period should be traced and destroyed. The hatched birds form this period should be put under official surveliance.
✓ Reintroduction, after at least 21 days after the end of disinfection of the operation.
✓ Protection zone of min. 3 km
o Standstill measures and control the movement for minimum 21 days (max. Incubation period)
o Before lifting the measures, sampling the poultry.
✓ Survelliance zone of min. 10 km
o Standstill measures and control of the movement for minimum 30 days.
o Before lifting the measures, sample the poultry holdings.

Question 38

official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle

disease in pigeons

Answer 38

Application of the control and eradication measures provided for the poultry: or at least

• A ban on movement for the pigeons or birds kept in captivity: for at least 60 days
• destruction/treatment of any matter or waste likely to be contaminated.
• Epizootiological inquiry
• Contignency plan
• It is prohibited to feed swill to poultry.

Question 39

rules of lifting the restrictions ordered in case of scabies:

Answer 39

✓ If the wool of the sheep is <2cm one treatment is enough, thereafter 42 days need to pass before lifting the restrictions.
✓ If the wool is >2cm, 2x dippings are performed and thereafter 70 days need to pass before lifting the restrictions.
✓ Other treatments: 42 days
✓ Other species 42 days after 2x treatments.

Question 40

official control measures with rabbit flocks diseased of viral haemorrhagic disease

Answer 40

✓ Movement restrictions, kill the rabbits and proper disposal of the carcasses.
✓ If case of a valuable flock, the diseased animals should be killed and the others without clinical signs can be vaccinated and movement restrictions with an observation period of 6 months.