MIS 301 Final

Question 1

decision tree analysis

Answer 1

a technique used to create hierarchical if/then rules using several variables to predict a class of a record, for example use on data, income, gender, homeownership, to predict good/bad risk

Question 2

cluster analysis

Answer 2

a technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible, ex: data driven profiling using many variables to generate clusters of records

Question 3

association detection

Answer 3

reveals the degree to which variables are related, and the nature and frequency of these relationships in the information

Question 4

statistical analysis

Answer 4

performs such functions as correlations, distributions, calculations, variance analysis, and regression

Question 5

classification

Answer 5

asign records to one of a predefined set of classes

Question 6

estimation

Answer 6

determine values for an unknown continuous variable behaviour or estimated future value

Question 7

affinity grouping

Answer 7

determine which things go together

Question 8

clustering

Answer 8

segment a heterogeneous population of records into a number of more homogenous subgroups

Question 9

Richard Hackthorn’s graphic on value of BI

Answer 9

[order is important] data latency, analysis latency, decision latency, action taken. this is the time it takes to make an action and why business intelligence is useful

Question 10

quantifiable benefits

Answer 10

working time saved in producing reports, selling info to suppliers, etc. [ex. moet and chandon reducing from .30 to .15 per bottle]

Question 11

indirectly quantifiable benefits

Answer 11

can be evaluated through indirect evidence - improved customer service means new business from the same customer and differentiated service brings new customers. [ex: owens and minor cited that extranet access to the data warehouse as the primary reason for giving 44m in new bsiness]

Question 12

unpredictable benefits

Answer 12

are the result of discoveries made by creative users [ex. volkswagen discovering that audi customers and vw customers behave differently based on socioeconomic profiles]

Question 13

intangible benefits

Answer 13

include improved communication throughout the enterprise, improved job satisfaction of empowered users, and improved knowledge sharing

Question 14

forecast

Answer 14

predictions made based on time series information

Question 15

time series info

Answer 15

time stamp information collected at a particular frequency

Question 16

statistical analysis

Answer 16

performs such functions as information correlations, distributoins, calculations, and variance analysis [ex regression] includes forecast and time series information

Question 17

OLAP

Answer 17

online analytical processing is the manipulation of information to create busienss intelligence in support of strategic decision making (executive end)

Question 18

OLTP

Answer 18

online transaction processing is the capture of transaction and event information using technology to process the information according to designed business rules, store the info, and update existing info

Question 19

ETL

Answer 19

extraction, transformation, loading / a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms info using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the informatino to a data warehouse

Question 20

dimensions

Answer 20

the who, what, where, when and how criteria of a query [ex: store 123 product abc promo 123]

Question 21

facts

Answer 21

the sales number in each cell at the intersection of dimension values

Question 22

multidimensional analysis

Answer 22

a pivot table is an example of multidim analysis, the columns fields, rows fields, and page fields are dimensions. the data in the center is a fact

Question 23

info security

Answer 23

a broad term encompassing the protection of information from accidental or intentional misuse by persons inside or outside an organization [ex: 38% of security incidents originate within the org]

Question 24

phishing

Answer 24

a technique to gain personal information for the purpose of identity theft or bank information

Question 25

social engineering

Answer 25

using social skills to trick people into revealing info

Question 26

token

Answer 26

small electronic device that changes user passwords automatically

Question 27

smart card

Answer 27

a device size of credit card containing embedded technologies that can store info and small amounts of software to perform some limited processing

Question 28

biometrics

Answer 28

narrowly definied/ the identification of a user based on physical characteristics such as fingerprints, iris, face, voice, or handwriting. can be costly and intrusive.

Question 29

pharming

Answer 29

re-routes requests for legitimate websites to false websites

Question 30

authentication

Answer 30

a method for confirming users' identities / once a system determines the authentication of a user it can then determine the access priveliges, or authorization for that user

Question 31

authorization

Answer 31

the process of providing a user with permission including access levesl and abilites such as file acces, hours of access, and amount of allocated storage space

Question 32

firewall

Answer 32

a hardware and or software that guards a private network by analyzing incoming and outgoing information for the correct markings

Question 33

content filtering

Answer 33

occurs when orgs use software that filters content such as emails to prevent the accidental or malicious transmission of unauthorized information

Question 34

what are technologies available to help prevent and build resistance to attacks?

Answer 34

content filtering, encryption, and firewalls

Question 35

public key encryption (PKE)

Answer 35

uses two keys: a public key that everyone can have and a private key for only the recipient. the org provides the pubic key to all customers whether end consumers or other businesses. when it arrives at its destination the org uses the private key to unscramble it.

Question 36

DDoS/DoS attack

Answer 36

denial of service attack: floods a website with so many request for service that it slows down or crashes the site // distributed denial of service attack: attacks from multple computers flooding websites with requests

Question 37

black hat hacker

Answer 37

breaks into other peoples computers

Question 38

white hat hacker

Answer 38

work at the request of system owners to find system vulnerabilities and plug the holes

Question 39

worm

Answer 39

spreads itself not only file to file but also computer to computer. the difference between virus and worm: virus must attach to something. worms do not need to attach to anything to spread and can tunnel themselves into computers. they also replicate themselves.

Question 40

script kiddies/bunnies

Answer 40

find hacking code on the internet and click and point their way into systems causing damage or spreading viruses

Question 41

porter's 3 generic strategies

Answer 41

1. broad cost leadership 2. broad differentiation 3. focus strategy [ex: mercedes benz would find itself facing the dilemna of attempting to market and sell a highly specialized and expensive product at a discounted price] competitive scope and cost strategy

Question 42

porter's 5 forces

Answer 42

1. threat of substitute products or services 2. buyer power 3. rivalry amongst existing competitors 4. threat of new entrance 5. supplier power [rivalry amongst existing compettitors in the center]

Question 43

value chain analysis

Answer 43

views a firm as a series of business procsses that each add value to the product or serivice

Question 44

environmental scanning

Answer 44

organiztions watch their competition through enviro scanning

Question 45

business process

Answer 45

a standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task such as processing a customer's order

Question 46

organizational strategy

Answer 46

a leadership plan that achieves a specific set of goals or objectives, such as developing new products/services, entering new markets, increasing customer loyalty, attracting new customers, and increasing sales

Question 47

first mover advantage

Answer 47

occurs when an org can significantly impact its market share by being first to market with a competitive advantage

Question 48

IT strategy

Answer 48

organizational strategy, articulates how the company will make/sustain profits in face of competition. IT strategy developed by senior IT mangers articulates how IT will contribute to the realization of organizational strategy.

Question 49

buyer power

Answer 49

the ability of buyers as a group to directly impact the price they are wiling to pay for an item. measured by # customers, size of orders, sensitivity to price

Question 50

switching costs

Answer 50

costs that can make customers reluctant to switch to another product or service, i.e. loyalty programs

Question 51

supplier power

Answer 51

the supplier's ability to influence the prices they charge for supplies

Question 52

supply chain

Answer 52

consists of all parties involved in the procurement of a product or raw material

Question 53

threat of substitute

Answer 53

high when there are many alternatives to aproduct or service and low when there are few

Question 54

how to properly identify a primary key and a foreign key

Answer 54

a primary key gets underlined; a foreign key gets dotted underlined

Question 55

referential integrity

Answer 55

states that every non-null foreign key value must match an existing primary key value. this ensures the consistency of the cross references among tables.

Question 56

redundancy

Answer 56

the duplication of information or storing same info in multiple places; can result in inconsistencies

Question 57

what does a table, row, and column represent

Answer 57

table: data sheet. row: contains all data for a single record column: a specific data value called a field; all records have the same fields

Question 58

aggregate functions

Answer 58

(total functions) sum, minimum, maximum, average, count, variance, standard deviations. aggregate functions operate on a group of rows with a common criterion.