Misc Flashcards
(56 cards)
What is the purpose of a wet-to-dry dressing?
non-selective debridement
What are the 3 superficial veins in the UE?
What are the 6 deep veins in the UE?
- SUPERFICIAL*
- cephalic
- basilic
- median cubital vein
- DEEP*
- subclavian
- axillary
- brachial
- ulnar
- radial
- interosseous
What are the 2 superficial veins in the LE?
What are the 6 deep veins in the LE?
- SUPERFICIAL*
- greater saphenous
- lesser saphenous
- DEEP*
- iliac
- common femoral
- deep femoral
- femoral
- popliteal
- deep calf
General risk factors of VTE include Virchow’s triad which is:
- stasis
- endothelial trauma
- hypercoagulable state
From most common to least what are the 5 cancers that cause VTE?
- lung
- pancreas
- colon
- kidney
- prostate
A younger patient with no other risk factors who presents with recurrent LEFT leg DVT should be worked up for this syndrome.
Mae-Thurner syndrome
important because this is one of the rare cases where you will need to stent a vein
Thrombophlebitis is often associated with what?
peripheral IV catheter placement
What are the 3 classic DVT symptoms?
- pain
- swelling (unilateral lower extremity edema)
- erythema
A patient presents with sudden severe leg pain. On PE you notice he has unilateral swelling and edema that is extremely firm and non-palpable. What should this patient be worked up for?
NOT DVT but associated
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens
surgical emergency (thrombectomy) it is a limb threatening injury
What risk assessment tool is used for DVT?
Well’s Score
>3 = high probability (50-75%) 1-2 = mod probability (17%) 0 = low probability (5%)
What lab test is a good test to rule OUT DVT?
D-dimer
What is the gold standard diagnostic imaging test for DVT?
ultrasound
If a patient is at a LOW risk for VTE what initial test should you start off with? Depending on that test’s results what do you do?
- start off with D-dimer
If negative = ruled out DVT
If positive = obtain U/S
If a patient is at a MOD risk for VTE what initial test should you start off with? Depending on that test’s results what do you do?
- start of with U/S
If positive = DVT
if negative = no DVT
If a patient is at a HIGH risk for VTE what initial test should you start off with? Depending on that test’s results what do you do?
- start off with U/S
If positive = DVT
If negative = consider venography
What is the treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis?
- local heat (warm compresses)
- NSAIDs
- remove catheter
What is the treatment for a hemodynamically stable DVT?
- outpatient treatment with anticoagulation
What are the 3 anticoagulation treatment options for DVT?
- IV heparin bridge to Coumadin
- LMWH bridge to Coumadin
- Oral factor Xa inhibitors
What is the difference in management for a unprovoked vs. provoked DVT?
- unprovoked = indefinite a/c
- provoked = 3-6 months a/c
If a patient has a very low risk of VTE based on the Caprini score what is the treatment?
early ambulation
If a patient has a low risk of VTE based on the Caprini score what is the treatment?
mechanical prophylaxis
If a patient has a moderate risk of VTE based on the Caprini score what is the treatment?
- mechanical prophylaxis
- pharm prophylaxis (low-dose)
If a patient has a high risk of VTE based on the Caprini score what is the treatment?
- mechanical prophylaxis
- pharm prophylaxis (low-dose)
What is the treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome?
- remove the anterior scalene and the first rib
