Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ITE > misc. > Flashcards

misc. Flashcards

1
Q

why does primary adrenal insufficiency cause metabolic acidosis

A

aldosterone usually causes acid secretion in kidneys which theres not neough aldoeterone so then u have aciosis (hydrogen channel or some nonsense)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does heliox (helium + oxygen) help thoe w stridor

A

heliu has lower density, therefor decreasing reynolds number, therefore allowing for more laminar flow rather than turbulent flow

reynolds number is directly proportional to velocity, density, diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can cause overdampening of a line

A

air bubbles
additioanl stop cocks
increased compliance in circuit thing blood clot causes dampening whic is why u flush it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what electrolyte abnormalities are seen with respiratory alk

A

hypocalcemia (ca binds to the proteins that release H+)
hypokalemia (think K/H exchanger )
hypophosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what decreases the chance of non hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

leukoreduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

blood pressure management for AVM malformation?

A

want permission hypotension so the embolization agent doesnt spread further than the AVM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the haladane effect

A

oxygen binding to hgb and displacing co2 causing downward shift in hemogolobin o2 curve

the opposite of this is the bohr effect where co2 displaces oxxygen on hgb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what ion has the highest concentration intracellularly

A

K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

neuromonitoring evoked potentials from most to lease sensitive to MAC gas

A

visual
motor
somatosensory
auditory

think first gas makes u blind

last gas will effect the hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what lab test monitors low molecular weight heparin (enoxparin)

A

factor Xa activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what congenital heart condition will have ST segment elevations in v1-v3

A

brugada syndrome
asian people
avoid sodium channel blocking agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how to determine between cerebral salt wasting and SIADH

A

cerebral salt wasting patient will be hypovolemic
in SIADH THEY WILL BE hypervolemic or euvolemic

think the fluid follows the salt out the body and they are hella dehydrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

is ECT parasympathetic or symmpathetic response

A

ECT is briefly parasympathetic then sympathetic prolonged response so you iwill see transient bradycardia at first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is the most common location for cardiac myxoma

A

left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

function of preoptic anterior hypothalmus

A

thermoregulation

**medial tubercle hypothalamus secretes vasopressin and oxytococin to posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

issue with transplanted lungs to consider during next surgery

A

its denervated so

impaired ciliary function, cough reflex and lymphatic drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when is vasospasms after SAH most likely to occur

A

between 2-14 days

rebleeding likely in first 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when is retrograde cardioplegia preferred

A
  1. diffuse CAD
  2. aortic insufficiency
  3. manipulation of aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the anterior abdominal wall

A

anterior and lateral branche of the cutaneous branches of the lower thoracic spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how long should u wait to remove neuroaxial cath after DVT ppx low dose has been given

A

wait 12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

type 1 pnuemocytes

A

where gas exchange occurs

made out of sqaumous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

type 2 pneumocytes

A

where surfactant is produced

cuboidal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

factors that increase Fa:Fi ratio

A

increase minute ventilation
decreased cardiac output
low blood: gas solubility
low alveolar partial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

factors that increase Fa:Fi rati

A

increase minute ventilation
decreased cardiac output
low blood: gas solubility
low alveolar partial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
do the true vocal chords abduct or adduct on inspiration
they abduct think that they stay open to allow air to flow cricothyroid muscle is the only laryngeal muscle not innervated by the recurrent laryngeael nerve its innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
25
factors that increase citrate toxicity
``` blood products liver disease peds populatiojn hyperventilated hypothermic ``` think breathing in citrate when hyperventilationg and not using it all cause its a cold body so then u have incrasing citrate
26
when is pulmonary vascular resistance at its highest
at the extreme of lung volumes its the lowest at FRC
27
recommended max NO concentration
25 parts per million
28
how quickly can u see PT/INR change when hepatic dysfunction occurs
24 hours
28
how quickly can u see PT/INR change when hepatic dysfunction occurs
24 hours
29
what two disease are related to elevated DLCO
asthma | obesity
30
what two disease are related to elevated DLCO
asthma | obesity
31
biggest concern for airway management in achondroplasia patients
atlantoaxial instability
32
what substance of ett are more likely to cause fires
all nom metal ett are at higher risk of causing fires
33
what enzyme in the electron transport chain does cyanide toxicity inhibit
cytochrome C oxidase think cyanIDE makes cytohrome C DIE
34
the orientation of the double lumen tube is where the bronchial cuff is going give example
aka when its a left sided double lumen tube the bronchial cuff will go to the left of the carina
35
what extra subunit to immature extrajunctional Ach receptors have that mature ones dont
gamma (y) subunit. mature receptor will have epsilon subunit both have 2 alpa 1, 1 beta 1, and one delta (?) present in fetus but also sepsis, burns immboliation etc.
36
what labs do u get periodically for someone using dantrolene
LFTs
37
how does hyperbaric oxygen increase oxygen delivery
it increases the amount of disolved oxygen in the blood
38
why is the simaultaneous release of lidocaine and liposomal bupivicaine contraindicated
can result in rapid release of bupi and then toxicity-- wait at least 20 min between them
39
exxcercise challenege test criteria for bronchoconstriction
10% decrease in fev1 after 406 minutes of 80% exxertion will indicate exercise induced bronchoconstriction
40
difference between anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and posterior ishchenmic optic neuropathy
AION will have optic disc edema and pallor, PION will not have any PE findings (things its posterior so its hidden) and is more related to spine surgery
41
criteria to get supplmental oxygen for COPD
spo2 < 88% on RA OR pao2 < 55
42
carotid body vs. carotid sinus
carotid body have chemo receptors that response to changees in O2, H+ co2 in blood carotid SINUS Has baroreceptors that will decrease SVR ifs systemic pressure increases think the BODY undergoe CHEMO aka carotid BODY has CHEMOreceptors
43
what two disease states have no pure shunting
COPD and asthma will have no shunt | whihc i think is perfusion no ventilation bc dead space is ventilation but no perfusion
44
the dichrotic notch on a line waveform represents what
aortic valve closure
45
risk factors for peri operative vaso occlusive events
1. older age 2. recent hospitaliation 3. infection 4. hx of pulm disease
46
best IVF for traumatic brain injury
normal saline
47
patients with what syndrome are at a higher risk of jaundice after RBC infusion
gilberts syndrome | have less of the enzyme that conjugates bilirubin
48
when you say ascending or descending bellow vent it refers to what phase
its describing the expiratory phase so ascending bellow means ascending during expiratory phase
49
art line transducer height and how it affects BP reading
20 cm of hight will change the reading by 15 raising the transducer 20 cm will decrease the blood pressure by 15 lowering tranducer will increase BP reading by 15
50
an autoimmune condition that causes muscle cramping, bag of worms under skin excessive sweating muscle hypertrophy treated by phenytoin and carbamazipine
acquited neuromyonia antibodies against volated gated Ca channel
51
are sympathetic preganglionic fibers long or short
they are short coming from the CNS think fight or flight response is QUICK aka SHORT signal
52
compartment pressure over what number for emergent fasciotomy
40 mm hg think when u hit ur 40s ur muscles breakdown
53
what is the bainbridge reflex
aka atrial stretch reflex its when HR increases as preload increases vagus mediated increase in HR by decreases parasympathetic input brain bridge BOOST aka ur HR gets a BOOST (increases) with a BOOST of preload
54
what is max cuff pressure in ett vs lma
in ett its 30 mm h20 | lma its 60 mmh20 (44 mm hg)
55
tight junctions vs gap junctions
tight junctions are to form barriers that regulate water and solute movement gap junctions are for cardiac myocytes for quick propogation think small GAPS for quick communication G for GOOD rate of communication obviously for barrier it would be tight
56
what patient factor most closely relates to the block height of isobaric spinal
patients weight is closely related to amount of CSF height of block and amount of CSF are inversely related
57
most common indication for retrograde cardioplasia
retrograde: aortic insufficiency
57
most common indication for retrograde cardioplasia
retrograde: aortic insufficiency
58
list the sensitive from least to most sensitive of the modalities in which you can identify venous air embolism
EKG, end tidal CO2, pulmonary artery cath, precordial doppler TEE
59
explain how thermodilution cardiac output measurements are interpereted so the measure youre getting is reflective measure of cardiac output
basically u inject a cold solution into the RA (Ti) and then you also measure the ;pulm artery blood temp (Tb) the longer it takes for Tb to come back to normal the slower the cardiac output
60
what will a pregnant ladies blood gas look like
hyper ventilation because progesterone stimualtes ventilation so ph will be slightly alk, pco2 on the lower side, a little higher pao2, and bicarb will be mildly decreases bc ur mildly compensated
61
how does partial pressure affect temperature
partial pressure is directly proportional to temp so as temp decreases the pa02 goes down, paco2 down down, and therefore pH will increase since paco2 is going down
62
what are the 5 criteria categories in the aldrete scoring system to by pass phase 1 PACU
``` movement/activity breathing O2 sat circulation consciousness ```
63
what acid base derrangement would hypoalbumin cause
metabolic alkalosis because albumin is a (weak) acid
64
the difference between complex regiona pain syndrome 1 and 2?
they differ by the cause CRPS 1 is a trivial injury CRPS 2 is caused by traumatic injury
65
elemental vs polymeric feeds
elemental diets are more expensive and can cause increased mortality and hospital length of stay
66
what measurement in non invasive blodo pressure monitoring is the least reliable
systolic
67
what two volumes equal closing capacity
residual volume plus closing volume forced exhalaiton results in apex emptying and closure of the bases
68
two signs that your injection is intraneural when doing a block
high opening injection pressure | electrical stimulation with a motor response < 0.2 mA
69
neonates are more sensitive to what opioid
codeine because decreased cyp2d6 avbility in the first 2 weeks to change into morphine
70
at what level does autonomic dysreflexia occur
T7 or above
71
how is the intensity of light detected by infrared spectophotometer in gas machine related to paco2
intensity of light is inversely proportional to paco2 o2 cannot be analyzesd in this manner
72
what things would trigger the subambient pressure alarm on vent aka when pressure falls below atmospheric pressure
1. NGT suctionin in trachea 2. pt inhaling against increases resistence in circuit 3. pt inhaling against collpased resovoir bag 4. blocked inspiratory limb during exalation 5. malfunctioning closed scavenging system
73
what are the sxs of propofol infusion syndrom
``` metabolic acidosis cardiac issues hyerpkalemia renal failure pancreatitis hepatomegly high triglyceride rhabdo ```

ITE (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions