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VTNE > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Hypotonic

A

Extra cellular fluid less concentrated than intracellular fluid

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2
Q

Hypertonic

A

Extra cellular fluid more concentrated than intracellular fluid

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3
Q

Isotonic

A

Extra cellular fluid concentration and intracellular fluid concentration are equal

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4
Q

4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue subtypes

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Pseudostratified columnar
Transitional
Glandular

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6
Q

Connective tissues types of fiber

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

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7
Q

Types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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8
Q

Types of membranes

A

Mucous
Serous
Cutaneous

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9
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

-Flat & thin
-Lines blood vessels (endothelium), alveoli, thoracic & abdominal cavities

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10
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

-Found in areas of wear; mouth, esophagus, vagina, rectum (unkeratinized); epidermis (keratinized)

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

-Absorption & secretion
-Active part of glands/ducts, ovary surface, kidney tubules

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12
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

-Lines sweat ducts, salivary & mammary glands

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13
Q

Simple columnar epithelium + microvilli

A

-Absorption & secretion
-Line GI tract
-Associates with goblet cells

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14
Q

Simple columnar epithelium + cilia

A

-Lines bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus

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15
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

-Mammary ducts, male urethra

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16
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

-Ciliated
-Resp tract

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17
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

-Allows distention
-Bladder, uterus, urethra

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18
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

-Secrete products (“glands”)

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19
Q

Endocrine vs exocrine glands

A

Endocrine = ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into bloodstream

Exocrine = have ducts and secrete onto an epithelial surface

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20
Q

Types of loose connective tissue

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

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21
Q

Types of dense connective tissue

A

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

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22
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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23
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

-Nose, trachea, larynx, articular and costal cartilage, embryonic skeleton

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24
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

-Pinna, auditory canal, epiglottis

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25
Fibrocartilage
-Intervertebral discs, Punic symphysis, chondrocytes
26
Compact bone
-Dense bone -Stores calcium/minerals, provides supports & protection
27
Cancellous bone
-Spongy bone -Hematopoiesis
28
Regular connective tissue
-Dense -Tendons & ligaments, aponeuroses
29
Tendon vs ligament vs aponeuroses
Ligament = bone to bone Tendon = bone to muscle Aponeuroses = muscle to muscle
30
Irregular connective tissue
-Dense -Dermis, organ capsule, joint capsule
31
Elastic connective tissue
-Dense -Nuchal ligament in horse neck
32
Areolar connective tissue
-Loose -Most widely distributed -Supports organs, provides flexibility for other fiber types
33
Adipose connective tissue
-Loose -Fat -Insulates, cushions, backup energy
34
Reticular connective tissue
-Loose -Spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow
35
Functions of bones
Support soft tissues Protect organs Levers for muscles Mineral storage Hematopoiesis
36
Osteoblast vs osteocyte vs osteoclast
Osteoblast = produces bone matrix Osteocyte = mature bone cell Osteoclast = dissolves bone matrix
37
Types of bones
Long bones Short bones Flat bones Pneumatic bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones
38
Types of joints (function)
-Synarthrosis (immovable; skull sutures; fibrous) -Amphiarthrosis (slightly immovable joint; pubic symphysis; cartilaginous) -Diarthrosis (freely moveable; stifle; synovial)
39
Types of joints (structure)
-Fibrous (no joint cavity; skull sutures; synarthrosis) -Cartilaginous (No joint cavity; pubic symphysis; amphiarthroses) -Synovial (joint with synovial fluid; stifle; Diarthrosis)
40
Types of muscle
Skeletal Smooth Cardiac
41
Long bone anatomy
Diaphysis (shaft) Epiphysis (prox/distal end) Periosteum (outer lining) Endosteum (lining marrow cavity) Medullary (cavity with marrow) Epiphyseal cartilage (growth plate)
42
2 types of osteogenesis
Endochondral Intramembranous
43
Skeletal muscle actions
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Levetor Depressor Sphincter
44
CNS
-Brain & spinal cord -Cerebrum, Diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, spinal cord, meninges, CSF, blood-brain barrier
45
Cerebrum
Motor control, sensory impulses Gyri
46
Diencephalon
Thalamus & hypothalamus Sensory impulses and interpretation Homeostasis, endocrine system
47
Brainstem
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata Respiration, V+, RAS
48
Cerebellum
Balance & coordination
49
Spinal cord
Ascending & descending nerve tracts Convey sensory impulses, conduct motor impulses
50
Meninges
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, epidural space, subarachnoid space
51
PNS
All nerves processes that connect to the CNS Afferent & efferent
52
Cardiac layers
Pericardium Endocardium
53
Pericardial layers
Fibrous pericardium Parietal Serous pericardium Pericardial cavity Visceral serous pericardium
54
Heart sounds
Lubb dubb, lubb dubb Lubb = AV valve closure Dubb = semilunar valve closure
55
ECG
P wave = depolarization during atrial systole QRS = depolarization during ventricular systole T wave = repolarization during ventricular diastole Atrial diastole occurs during ventricular systole and is masked by the QRS complex
56
Blood vessels complete system
Artery Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins
57
Histological layers of GI tract
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa
58
GI mucosa layers
Epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mucosae
59
Muscularis externa layers
Oblique muscle Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle
60
Monogastric stomach anatomy
Esophageal (nonglandular) Cardiac (mucus) Fundus (gastric glands) Pylorus (mucus)
61
Fundus cell types
Mucous neck cells (mucus) Chief cells (pepsinogen) Parietal cells (Hydrochloric acid) Endocrine cells (gastrin)

VTNE (1 decks)

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