Misc

Question 1

What is the difference between BAL and lung biopsy?

Answer 1

BAL (less invasive) provides fluid samples for cytology/microbiology, and is used for Infections or Alveolar Processes

A biopsy provides LUNG TISSUE , (more invasive), and is necessary when tissue structure is required for diagnosis (e.g., ILD subtype, cancer).

Question 2

When would you choose BAL over biopsy?

Answer 2

Choose BAL when evaluating infection, alveolar hemorrhage, or inflammatory disease in a high-risk or immunocompromised patient. Choose biopsy when diagnosis cannot be made without tissue architecture.

Question 3

Give the likely diagnosis based on the CT findings:

1. Consolidation
2. Cavitary Lesion
3. Ground-glass Opacities
4. Upper Lobe Emphysema

Answer 3

1. Pneumonia
2. TB, Abscess
3. ILD, HP
4. Alpha-1-AntiTrypsin Deficiency

Question 4

What kind of lymph nodes or masses is EBUS best for?

Answer 4

Central or mediastinal lymph nodes near the airway

Question 5

What kind of lung nodules is CT-guided biopsy best for?

Answer 5

Peripheral lung nodules or those near the chest wall

Question 6

What are the main risks of EBUS?

Answer 6

Sore throat, minor bleeding, rare airway injury

Question 7

What are the main risks of CT-guided biopsy?

Answer 7

Pneumothorax (collapsed lung), bleeding

Question 8

Which procedure usually provides a larger tissue sample?

Answer 8

CT-guided biopsy

Question 9

Which procedure is better for diagnosing lymph node-based diseases like sarcoidosis or staging lung cancer?

Answer 9

EBUS

Question 10

Which procedure is more suitable for outer lung nodules or when genetic testing is needed?

Answer 10

CT-guided biopsy