misc.

Question 1

What are the 4 types of shock?

Answer 1

Cardiogenic, Extracardiac, Distributive, hypovolemic

Question 2

Examples of distributive/disassociatve shock

Answer 2

decreased VR, sepsis, spinal cord injury, anaphylaxis, poison

Question 3

Examples of extracardiac shock

Answer 3

cardiac tamponade, stroke, PE, pulmonary HTN, constricitve pericarditis

Question 4

What is the shock index?

Answer 4

HR/Ps >1

Question 5

What are the 5 SIRS criteria?

Answer 5

temp, pulse, resp, CO2, WBC

Question 6

Shock without diaphoresis is typically which type?

Answer 6

Distributive/Dissacotiate

Question 7

Which types of shock are due to lack of delivery?

Answer 7

Extracardiac, hypovolemic, cardiogenic - distributive is too much demand

Question 8

What drugs decrease mortality in Systolic heart failure

Answer 8

ACE, ARB, spirolactone, cavedolol

Question 9

What drugs should not be used in Diastolic heart failure?

Answer 9

no diuretics/vasodilators

Question 10

What would a systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur be?

Answer 10

aortic stenosis

Question 11

What are some symptoms of aortic stenosis?

Answer 11

angina, syncope, DOE

Question 12

How do you treat mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 12

You monitor it - common in younger women.

Question 13

When are holo-systolic murmurs heard?

Answer 13

Tricupsid insufficency and mitral regurgitation

Question 14

How do you treat a Non-STEMI?

Answer 14

per cutaneous cardiac intervention and medication

Question 15

What are the four most common causes of chest pain?

Answer 15

1 acute coronary syndrome (MI/angina)
2 PTX
3 PE
4 aortic dissection

Question 16

What are the three types of angina?

Answer 16

stable, Prinzmetal (at rest), unstable

Question 17

Possible treatments for STEMI coronary event?

Answer 17

FRAC - fibrinolytics, Rx, angioplasty, CABG

Question 18

If you can’t give a patient ASA for acute coronary syndrone, give them this/

Answer 18

Clopidogrel

Question 19

For a high risk cardio patient having angina treatment would include these steps.

Answer 19

Nitro, Heparin, repeat Troponin, repeat EKG

Question 20

Some reasons for a false + troponin?

Answer 20

sepsis
kidney ds
a. fib

Question 21

What are some examples of autonomic dysfunction causing syncope?

Answer 21

LBD - parkinson

secondary - diabetic, amyloid, spinal cord injury

Question 22

How do you treat stable V tach vs unstable V tach?

Answer 22

unstable- cardiovert

stable- IV amiodarone, synchronize cardioversion, ICD, Beta blockers

Question 23

What are some causes of neural syncope?

Answer 23

vasovagal (bowel movement, sight of blood), situational (cough), carotid sinus syncope (shaving, massage)

Question 24

How do you treat stable V tach vs unstable V tach?

Answer 24

unstable- cardiovert

stable- IV amiodarone, synchronize cardioversion, ICD, Beta blockers

Question 25

Loss of function of the (loop diuretic sensitive) NKCC2 transporter (and other transporters in the TAL) results in what disease?

Answer 25

Bartter's syndrome salt wasting disease

Question 26

Loss of function of the (thiazide sensitive) NaCl symporter in the distal tubule results in what disease?

Answer 26

Gitelman's syndrome salt wasting diseas

Question 27

Loss of function of lumenal ENAC channels in the distal tubule and collecting duct results in what disease ?

Answer 27

Type I pseudo-hypoaldosteronism (can't get ENAC to membrane)

Question 28

Gain of function of lumenal ENAC channels in the distal tubule and collecting duct results in what disease?

Answer 28

Liddle syndrome (can't remove ENAC from membrane)

Question 29

What things stimulate aldosterone release?

Answer 29

Ang II, low plasma Na+, high plasma K+, ACTH

Question 30

What things stimulate renin release?

Answer 30

low Na+ diet/low body Na+ (at macula densa), hypovolemia, excessive SNS, low circulating Ang II

Question 31

What are the four functions of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in a low Ca+2 state?

Answer 31

1 stimulates osteoclast bone resorption 2 stimulates vitamin D activation 3 stimulates Ca+2 re absorption (distal tubule) 4 reduce phosphate reabsorption

Question 32

Lack of ADH production results in what disease?

Answer 32

primary or central diabetes insipidus

Question 33

Overactive or loss of regulation of ADH production leads to what disease?

Answer 33

syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

Question 34

Mutation causing dysfunctional ADH receptors causes what disease?

Answer 34

secondary or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 35

What effect does EtOH consumption have on your kidney function?

Answer 35

inhibits ADH secretion, mimicking diabetes insipidus