Misc. AICP History, etc. Flashcards

Question

-Advocacy Planning Process (Paul Davidoff)

Answer 1

-Competing interested versus “public interest” -Disenfranchised need advocates -Social justice -Planner as advocate

Answer 2

-Idealistic activism -Collective action for results -System is flawed

Answer 3

1. manipulation (non-participation) 2. Therapy (non-participation) 3. Informing (Degree of tokenism) 4. Consultation (Degree of tokenism) 5. Placation (degree of tokenism) 6. Partnership (degrees of citizen power) 7. Delegated Power (degrees of citizen power) 8. Citizen control (degrees of citizen power)

Answer 4

Ernest Burgess -1) CDB 2) Transition 3) Blue collar neighborhood 4) white collar neighborhood 5) commute zone

Answer 5

Homer Hoyt -Based on Land values -Wedges radiating along transportation lines -Uses migrate within the same sector. in which sectors radiate out like pie shaped wedges from the central business district. Sector theory stresses the role of transportation in urban development. Each sector represents a specific land use, and thus represents a distinct area of land values. Land use sectors either complement or oppose each other.

Answer 6

Harris and Ullman -Clusters of economic activity -Certain uses gravitate toward (or away from) others -Urban growth by absorbing separate nuclei

Answer 7

chart would allow for the rapid sequencing of tasks ensuring that the project deadline can be met. PERT often deals with unpredictable activities (where the time needed to complete activities is not known).

Answer 8

linked to the concept of social justice; while the goal of social justice is people being able to realize their potential in the communities they live in, the interest of spatial justice is how where people live affects their access to resources. The ability to live anywhere in a city or equitable zoning practices are certainly important, but they do not define spatial justice.

Answer 9

-Utility Districts and School Districts are examples of a Special District. Special Districts typically have the ability to levy taxes and take out debt to perform the functions required of the district.

Answer 10

EPA’s Superfund program is responsible for cleaning up some of the nation’s most contaminated land and responding to environmental emergencies, oil spills and natural disasters. To protect public health and the environment, the Superfund program focuses on making a visible and lasting difference in communities, ensuring that people can live and work in healthy, vibrant places.” The program holds the current property owner liable for site contamination and requires the polluter to help pay for site cleanup.

Answer 11

The U.S. Department of Commerce uses an index of 12 leading indicators to measure the direction of the economy.These include interest rates, stock prices, oil prices, unemployment, housing starts, and consumer expectations.

Answer 12

According to the U.S. Census, an urban cluster is all of the following except...Urban Clusters (UCs) have at least 2,500 and less than 50,000 people.

Answer 13

typically a five-to-six-year road map for planning and funding public facilities and infrastructure. Typically incorporates both the construction of new facilities and the rehabilitation or replacement of existing capital facilities. Best practices include an economic analysis of the fiscal impact of new investments, including the life cycle costs of maintaining and operating facilities or infrastructure. There is an essential linkage between growth and the timing, phasing, or “concurrency” of capital investments. A local government budget typically addresses one or two years; and addresses operational funding for issues such as pothole repairs, new fire hoses, and new library book purchases, which are not considered “capital” facility expenses. (see APA PAS quicknotes #25: Capital Improvements Programming (2010); APA’s Planning and Urban Design Standards (2006); p. 637-638.

Answer 14

MPOs: continuing: maintains planning as an ongoing activity that addresses both short-term needs and long-term vision for the region. Cooperative: involves a wide variety of interested parties through a public participation process. Comprehensive: covers all transportation modes and is consistent with regional and local land use plans. May have authority to plan and regulate local land use (typically do not).

Answer 15

A charrette is a type of participatory planning process that assembles an interdisciplinary team-typically consisting of planners, citizens, city officials, architects, landscape architects, transportation engineers, parks and recreation officials, and other stakeholders- to create a design and implementation plan for a specific project. It differs from a traditional community consultation process in that it is design-based. In addition, charrettes are usually compressed into a short period of time, unlike traditional planning exercises that can take a long time to be finalized.

Answer 16

CAN promise local hiring quotas. Several CBAs have used local hiring as one of the enumerated benefits agreed upon by developers and community groups, notably including one of the first CBAs, an agreement between Staples Center developers and LA residents.

Answer 17

Delphi Process is the name applied to a process used to attain a consensus from a group of experts. Delphi replaces direct confrontation and debate with a carefully planned, orderly program of sequential discussions. The process used to arrive at a group opinion or decision by surveying a panel of experts.

Answer 18

method of zoning in which any use permitted in a higher-use, less intensive zone is permissible in a lower use, more intensive zone. For example: under this method, a house could be built in an industrial zone, bu a factory could not be built in a residential zone.

Answer 19

cannot be used to pay for the cost of upgrading an existing system or raise the level of service in the community. There are two separate legal requirements. 1) Under Nollan: You have to demonstrate a nexus between the public improvement and the development impact. For example, the development would result in X number of vehicle trips per day on the arterial roadway. 2) Under Dolan: The amount that is charged must be proportionate to the impact. Here is a summary describing the cases: http://depts.washington.edu/trac/concurrency/pdf/Apdx_a.pdf.

Answer 20

created the highway system that links state capitals and most large cities, and it also created the Highway Trust Fund to finance highway building. Sources of revenue for the Highway Trust Fund include taxes collected from vehicle sales.

Answer 21

is a method for ensuring that the strategic goals drive progress and action at every level within that organization. The process includes establishing a vision, developing objectives, deploy annual objectives, implement objectives, and then review progress on a monthly and annual basis.

Answer 22

is based on the concept of at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration within the core. As of 2013, OMB defined and delineated 388 MSAs. A typical MSA is centered on a single large city that wields substantial influence over the region (e.g., NYC, Philadelphia). However, some MSAs contain more than one large city (e.g, Dallas-Fort Worth or Minneapolis- Saint Paul.

Answer 23

can be described as an area consisting of two or more overlapping or interlocking urban communities (known as primary metropolitan statistical areas) with a total population of at least one million. CMSAs comprise the 25 largest metropolitan areas in the US. The New York CMSA, for example, includes the primary metropolitan statistical areas of NY-Northern New Jersey-Long Island and NY-NJ-Connecticut.

Answer 24

in data analysis adjusts the class distribution of a data set (the ratio between the different classes/ categories represented) so that groups who are not usually represented proportionally in research have an opportunity to be represented properly.

Answer 25

When subpopulations within an overall population vary, it is important to sample each subpopulation independently. A national org. wanted to estimate the proportion of physically active adults in the nation. The org. decided that it would be nice to have estimates for each state as well. Random sampling of adults within each state and combined the data to obtain a national estimate.

Answer 26

population estimates include using local data such as utility connections or building permits to estimate the current population. i.e. using the 2010 Census population and determining the number of single-family building permits that have been issued since 200. Then multiplying this number by the average household size to determine the number of people that have been added to the community.

Answer 27

-TIFs are best used in blighted areas that have the potential for an increased tax base. A TIF is used to finance public improvements through the increase in tax value on the surrounding property. A GO bond and special assessment could be used, but a TIF would be the most effective and politically feasible option.

Answer 28

composed of city and county officials; federal, state, and local transportation agencies; and other regional stakeholders—approves plans and funding for regionally significant and federally supported transportation improvements. By some estimates, MPOs direct hundreds of billions in annual transportation investment, yet MPOs are unfamiliar to many practitioners and scholars outside transportation and many of the residents they serve.

Answer 29

Includes operating costs and long-term maintenance costs.

Answer 30

Small informal discussion with a group of people in a private home with light refreshments. The planner typically has a short presentation followed by questions and discussion.

Answer 31

A concurrency requirement means that development cannot occur until capital improvements are in place.

Answer 32

Warehouses and apartment buildings can be conditional uses. Churches are protected under RLUIPA Act and can’t be conditional, though can be subject to reasonable regulations. B.

Answer 33

Refers to the density of connections in a road network and the directness of links. A well-connected road has many short links and intersections with minimal dead- ends. As connectivity increases, travelers have more route options and more direct travel between destinations. There are several methods to calculate ratios: the higher the ratio, the greater the connectivity.

Answer 34

Consensus building (also called collaborative problem solving or collaboration) is essentially mediation of a conflict which involves many parties. While consensus building is probably most often used in environmental disputes, it is applicable to many other kinds of public policy disputes as well at the community, state, and international levels.

Answer 35

Cost-revenue analysis takes into account anticipated revenues and expected expenditures both in capital and recurring sources.

Answer 36

The coupon rate is the rate of interest for bonds, notes, and other securities.

Answer 37

According to the common law doctrine, an easement by necessity is used to allow a landlocked landowner to access a public roadway over another’s private land when no other relief is feasible.

Answer 38

Economic base analysis. Economic base analysis looks at basic and non-basic economic activities. Basic activities are those that can be exported, such as automotive manufacturing.

Answer 39

Economic forecasting helps to determine the growth in jobs in the community, which translates to demand for commercial business land uses.

Answer 40

he Scoping Report (including Plan of Study for Environmental Impact Assessment) requires descriptions of the proposed activity, any feasible and reasonable alternatives, the property and the environment that might be affected, and the manner in which the biological, social, economic, and cultural aspects of the environment may be impacted by the proposed activity. The Scoping Report will also detail the public participation process undertaken.

Answer 41

FEMA Definition: Flood hazard areas identified on the Flood Insurance Rate Map are identified as an Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). SFHAs are defined as areas that will be inundated by the flood event having a 1-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The 1-percent annual chance flood is also referred to as the base flood or 100-year flood.

Answer 42

Harland Bartholomew had a long career and was responsible for preparing the comprehensive plans for communities across the country. The correct answer is: Wrote a comprehensive plan for St. Louis

Answer 43

The principal cause of the increase in homelessness were cuts in federal aid programs. The AFDC program was replaced with the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families. This program helps only a portion of the families that AFDC reached. The amount paid to persons receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) has not increased at a rate that keeps up with the cost of living. The SSI payment, which supports the disabled, is less than the average monthly rent for a studio apartment.

Answer 44

The HOPE VI program was a significant urban redevelopment effort in the U.S. that changed the way that the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) approached housing assistance for the poor. HOPE VI replaced severely distressed public housing projects with redesigned mixed-income housing and provided housing vouchers for residents to seek housing on the private market. However, despite HOPE VI, many Black Americans continue to live in the worst housing projects in uninhabitable units. HOPE VI provides funds for physical improvements, management improvements, and social and community services to address public housing resident needs. All of the above are housing programs administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Answer 45

To enhance communication, a flat organization places more responsibility among individual employees, resulting in greater communication among people in the organization. This is compared to a hierarchical organization where information can sometimes be held at key ranks in the organization. The correct answer is: Flat

Answer 46

Management by Objectives (MBO) is a process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they are. The Management By Objectives term was first popularized by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book "The Practice of Management."Management by Objectives (MBO) is a process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they are. The Management By Objectives process was first popularized by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book "The Practice of Management." The correct answer is: MBO

Answer 47

Zero-based budgeting assumes that every unit has $0 and then the governing body decides on a series of decision packages that will advance key goals and objectives of the organization.

Answer 48

The Land Based Classification Standards help planners with a model for classifying land uses. LBCS Classifies land uses across five dimensions. For local planning purposes, LBCS calls for classifying land uses in the following dimensions: Activity, Function, Structure Type, Site Development Character, and Ownership.

Answer 49

Lease-purchase is similar to the rent-to-own concept. The government partners with the developer and agrees to make lease payments for a fixed period of time. At the end of the fixed period, the government will own the building.

Answer 50

Linear programming can be used to find the optimum design solution on a project.

Answer 51

Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century

Answer 52

Land Value Capture is a method that helps finance public improvements by capturing some of the value that typically accrues to property located near such improvements. In Boston, land value capture is being used to fund infrastructure projects that counter the impacts of climate change.

Answer 53

The Program Evaluation and Review technique is a decision-making tool designed to achieve objectives in which time is a critical factor. This technique is most helpful when time expectations are significant

Answer 54

A public hearing includes a technical presentation, group Q&A, and a formal transcript. A public meeting is less formal and delineated from other meetings than a public hearing and can take many forms. An open house is less structured and does not involve a formal presentation. Open houses can include a series of less formal presentations or information displays with one-on-one Q&As between members of the planning department and interested residents. An educational event also includes an informational display and a presentation by the planning department to educate the public about a specific topic, but because the goal is education rather than gauging public opinion, there is less dialogue between planners and residents.

Answer 55

The correct answer is regression. A regression analysis examines the relationship between two or more variables [x] and [y]. For example, a score on the AICP exam is dependent on education, years experience, and number of hours studying.

Answer 56

A revenue bond would be the best type of financing to pay for the project. Revenue bonds are municipal bonds that can be used to finance income-producing projects. The bonds are secured by a specified revenue source. The bonds can be issued by any government agency that has a revenue source.

Answer 57

Roosevelt established the Rural Resettlement Administration with a goal of moving people off of agriculturally exhausted land and into greenbelt cities. The correct answer is: The establishment of multiple greenbelt cities

Answer 58

he Section 8 housing program provides funds to pay a portion of the rent for low-income households. The amount paid depends on household income. While the HOME program provides for the possibility of rental assistance, Section 8 rental assistance is only possible where market conditions support such use. Therefore, Section 8 is the best answer.

Answer 59

Shift share can be used for all of these types of evaluations. The analysis starts by determining how much of regional job growth can be attributed to national trends and how much is due to unique regional factors.. Evaluating the performance of an individual industry b. Evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of an industry c. Evaluating the region's mix of industries d. All of these are involved in a shift-share analysis A shift-share analysis determines what portions of regional economic growth or decline can be attributed to national vs. regional factors. It is not used to evaluate the national unemployment rate.

Answer 60

Choice and opportunity for all persons. Social Justice promotes a just society by challenging injustice and valuing diversity

Answer 61

The step-down method applies proportion and uses the population of a larger entity to estimate the population of a smaller entity. Cohort survival uses birth, death and migration rates within age cohorts. Symptomatic estimation calculates the population of an area based on the number of housing units. The Gompertz curve or Gompertz function is a time series mathematical model in which growth is slowest at the start and end of a given time period.

Answer 62

Systematic random sampling starts by selecting a starting point at random and then selecting a consistent random number from that point. For example, starting at person 434 and then selecting every tenth person from that point on in the phone book to call to participate in a survey.

Answer 63

Coalition buildings, consensus building, an conflict resolution

Answer 64

FV = (1 + r)^y PV with the interest r in fractions of 100 (so 5% = 5/100) and y the number of years. The present value is thus PV = FV / (1 + r)^y FV = 50,000,000 (1 + r)^y = (1 + 0.05)^25 = 3.38635 … so PV = 50,000,000 / 3.38635 = 14,765,138.58 ~ 14,765,139 (rounding up) $14M is the present value. Present value is the value of an expected income stream as of the date of valuation. The present value is always less than or equal to the future value because money has interest-earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money, except during times of negative interest rates, when the present value will be less than the future value. Here is a link to a resource to understand and calculate present value http://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/financial/present-value-calculator.php The correct answer is: 14,765,139

Answer 65

As defined by the Census Bureau, Urban Clusters (UCs) have at least 2,500 and less than 50,000 people.

Answer 66

UrbanSim is an open source urban simulation system to support metropolitan land use, transportation, and environmental planning. For more information see http://www.urbansim.comUrbanSim is a simulation modeling software that allows the ability to simulate the impacts of land use and transportation plans from a parcel to metropolitan area. The correct answer is: UrbanSim

Answer 67

First historic preservation commission. The Vieux Carré, also known as the French Quarter, is the oldest section of the city of New Orleans and is a National Historic Landmark. The Vieux Carré Commission (VCC) protects, preserves, and maintains the distinct architectural, historic character, and zoning integrity of the Vieux Carré.

Answer 68

A wicked problem is defined as a problem with multiple stakeholders with conflicting interests and no easy, single solution. In all of the choices listed here, there exist multiple stakeholders with conflicting interests. In the case of street design, for example, there are pedestrians, drivers, public transit users and operators, storeowners, homeowners, and others who all have different goals. Street design, climate change, and homelessness are all issues with varied stakeholders and different interests.

Answer 69

To estimate the number of people within a given point on a map (a grocery store) you would create a 15 minute walking distance buffer around each point and calculate the population within that buffer. This is referred to as buffer analysis.

Answer 70

The U.S. Census Bureau conducts more than 100 surveys each year, including our nation’s largest household survey, the American Community Survey. The top 5 household surveys are listed below. To find more information on a specific survey you received please select it from the list of household surveys below. American Community Survey (ACS) Current Population Survey (CPS) Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

Answer 71

A COG or regional council is a multi-service entity with state- and locally-defined boundaries that delivers a variety of federal, state, and local programs while carrying out its function as a planning organization, technical assistance provider, and “visionary” to its member local governments.

Answer 72

Critical Path Method is a project planning tool that works well when there are multiple activities and in which some of the activities cannot start until others are complete. In this case, where the outcomes are generally already determined, Linear Programming or a Goals Achievement Matrix may not be as helpful.

Answer 73

Downzoning reduces the allowed intensity of zoning on a site, for example by changing a multifamily zone into a single family zone.

Answer 74

In your staff report, you express your concern that the site may be a Drosscape. Drosscape is an urban design framework that examines urbanized regions as the product of past economic and industrial processes. The concept focuses on the redesign and adaptive reuse of “waste landscapes” within regions.

Answer 75

Private easements occur when a property owner sells an easement to an individual. A property owner who has granted a solar access easement to their neighbor may not be allowed to plant trees or construct buildings, either of which would block sunlight, next to the easement.

Answer 76

An enterprise fund is an account established to manage the revenues and expenditures of a self-sufficient activity such as a golf course, zoo, parking garage, minor league baseball park etc.

Answer 77

Executive Order 12898 (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1994-02-16/html/94-3685.htm) stated that federal actions shall address environmental justice in minority and low-income populations. Every federal agency has as its mission to try to address environmental justice.

Answer 78

The main components of the National Housing Act of 1949 included federal financing for slum clearance programs associated with urban restoration projects in American cities (Title I), increased authorization for the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) mortgage insurance (Title II), and money to build more than 800,000 public houses. The correct answer is: Federal financing for slum clearance and increased authorization for FHA mortgage insurance

Answer 79

In addition to creating the section 701 comprehensive planning program (federal planning assistance to local governments), the Housing Act of 1954 provided funds for urban renewal. The HOPE VI housing program started in 1992 and provided funds for mixed-income housing using New Urbanist and defensible space urban design principles. The HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) was created in 1990 and is a federal block grant program administered by HUD. The correct answer is: Funds for urban renewal and federal assistance for local planning

Answer 80

Development Impact Fees are controversial and will likely be opposed by developers. Before a development impact fee ordinance could be considered, planners would need to first determine what the costs associated with new development actually are. This would need to happen before consulting an attorney about the text of the ordinance, or determining how performance might be measured, and asking whether developers would support it. The correct answer is: Determine the infrastructure costs associated with new development using local data.

Answer 81

Inclusionary zoning, usually practiced in urban areas, is planning communities and developments that will provide housing to all income brackets. Inclusionary zoning ordinances often require any new housing construction to include a set percentage of affordable housing units.

Answer 82

James Rouse was the developer that conceived of Columbia, Maryland. Rouse strongly believed in the new cities movement that by proper design blight could be eliminated.

Answer 83

The Sierra Club was founded in 1892 by conservationist John Muir. With more than 3 million members, it is the largest environmental organization in the U.S. It recently came under criticism for opposing high-density housing development in California (CA Senate Bill 827).

Answer 84

A 360 degree evaluation allows employees to receive feedback from people they report to, peers, and people that work for employees.

Answer 85

Lawrence Veiller is the father of the modern housing code. He was concerned with housing conditions for those who are low income. He produced a Tenement Exhibition with proposals for New York City. He went on to become secretary of the New York State Tenement House Commission and drafted the New York State Tenement House Act of 1901 that established basic housing laws - including fire exits and running water for bathrooms in every tenement.

Answer 86

Linear programming is a method for determining an optimal solution. This could apply to a number of planning projects, such as a regional development plan. Critical path programming and PERT are about the optimal scheduling of tasks. Zero-based budgeting is a method of budgeting in which all expenses have to be justified for each new period.

Answer 87

States manage the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program through a state housing finance agency. The state housing agency has wide discretion in determining which projects to award credits, and applications are considered under the state's "Qualified Allocation Plan" (QAP).

Answer 88

Mariemont was designed by John Nolen based on Garden City principles. It was also one of the earliest Garden Cities to be designed with the automobile in mind.

Answer 89

Defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), are urban areas in the United States based around an urban cluster (urban area) with a population of 10,000 to 49,999.

Answer 90

Organization of Native Americans and adoption of constitutions. The 1934 Act allowed Native Americans to adopt a constitution and organize for their common welfare. The Indian Reorganization Act is also called the Wheeler–Howard Act (1934). The U.S. Congress enacted the measure to decrease federal control, and increase self-government and responsibility, of indigenous people.

Answer 91

Tribal-designated statistical areas (TDSAs) are statistical geographic areas identified and delineated by the U.S. Census Bureau in partnership with federally recognized tribes that do not have a reservation or off-reservation trust land and are not located in Alaska, Hawaii, or Oklahoma”

Answer 92

The New Markets Tax Credit Program spurs business development by providing tax credit incentives to investors for equity investments in Community Development Entities. The Community Development Entities then invest in development in low-income communities.

Answer 93

Given the tight time pressure and the desire for a consensus, the best choice is the Nominal Group Technique which allows everyone to share their ideas, but quickly come to an agreement on a solution.

Answer 94

There are three evaluation design options. Outcome evaluation might involve collecting individual or community level changes in how people engage with each other. Process evaluation involves collecting data in the planning and implementation phases and are done at the beginning and throughout the engagement process. Ripple Effect Mapping is a method used in evaluation to engage key stakeholders in assessing the impact of community engagement.

Answer 95

Pro forma is the best answer. A pro forma is a financial projection that includes an income statement for a real estate project that shows the capital cost, operating revenue and expenses, and return on investment for one or more years. Generally it's a spreadsheet that shows sources and uses for construction and operating expenses and revenue to show if the project is viable.

Answer 96

A program monitoring system documents progress, collects feedback and allows for plan revisions as needed.

Answer 97

Progressive tax increases the tax rate as the tax base increases (i.e., the tax rate, along with tax liability, increases as an individual or entity's wealth increases). A proportional tax, also referred to as a flat tax, assesses the same tax rate regardless of income or wealth. Under a regressive tax system (e.g., sales tax), individuals and entities with low incomes pay a higher amount of that income in taxes compared to high-income earners. A tax increment is the additional property tax generated by a development; the increment is "captured" to finance development costs.

Answer 98

A fiscal analysis that estimates the average costs of the proposed office development is known as the Proportional Valuation Method. The proportional valuation method examines increases in community revenues and expenditures related to development. Specific expenditures and revenues are allocated to land uses. Costs and revenues are allocated to residential, commercial and industrial land uses in proportion to the share each represents of the total property base as reflected in property value. After costs and revenues are allocated, a current cost per acre by land use type is estimated and this is then applied to the development.

Answer 99

Shift-share. The shift-share technique allocates a portion of the projected expansion to sub-regions or population centers based on the center's present share of the employment.

Answer 100

The step-down method assumes that the relationship of a locality to some larger geographic entity--county or state--will prevail in the future and that population projections at the larger scale represent degrees of reliability that are not possible to achieve at the smaller scale of analysis.

Answer 101

A stratified sample has the population divided into strata according to variables that are thought to be related to the variables of interest. Then a sample is taken from every stratum. This is intended to reduce sampling error because the strata are related to the variables of interest –– in this case, housing values. In a cluster sample, the population is divided into clusters and a sample of the clusters is taken, but only some of the clusters are taken. This tends to increase sampling error because it is possible for clusters to be similar; for example, in this case, if the clusters were neighborhoods. A random sample would randomly select addresses across the community for inclusion in the survey. This can lead to sampling error as you may not get a representative sample.

Answer 102

Urban cluster. The Census Bureau identifies two types of urban areas: Urbanized Areas and Urban Clusters. Urbanized Areas have 50,000 or more people. Urban clusters are areas containing at least 2,500 and less than 50,000 people.

Answer 103

Census tracts generally have a population size between 1,200 and 8,000 people, with an optimum size of 4,000 people.

Answer 104

Census Designated Places (CDPs), which are delineated to provide data for settled populations that are not legally incorporated, have no size requirements

Answer 105

The U.S. Census uses the Coefficient of Variation (CV) to test for reliability of Census estimates (such as ACS estimates). The CV should be no greater than 15 percent to allow for reliable data interpretation.

Answer 106

Feedback and compromise: In general, most successful negotiators start off assuming collaborative (integrative) or win-win negotiation. Most good negotiators will try for a win-win or aim at a situation where both sides feel they won. Negotiations tend to go much better if both sides perceive they are in a win-win situation or both sides approach the negotiation wanting to "create value" or satisfy both their own needs and the other's needs. By gaining feedback from both sides and coming up with a compromise, both parties can walk away with a win-win situation. The correct answer is: Feedback and compromise

Answer 107

Since 1967, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) has provided the public the right to request access to records from any federal agency. In addition, all states have their own “open records” laws that provide access to state and local records. It is never the case that “all information must be handed over at any given time,” and staff reports or material that goes against a planning recommendation would not be exempt. There are exemptions to FOIA, however. The federal FOIA, for example, has nine exemptions that protect interests such as personal privacy, national security, and law enforcement.

Answer 108

Input-output analysis is a form of macroeconomic analysis based on the interdependencies between different economic sectors or industries. It has a number of uses, including estimating employment change.

Answer 109

Kevin Lynch made the argument that there are three types of planning theories: theories that are used to predict things, theories about decision making, and normative theory, i.e., how a city ought to be. He further argued that normative theory is under-developed.

Answer 110

The most common tools planners have in regulating cannabis activities are buffering (creating a buffer zone around sensitive uses like schools), zoning overlay districts (indicating where cannabis activities can occur), and permitting requirements.

Answer 111

Typically, multiplier analysis is used to project the number of jobs created, but it can also be used to project job loss. If an industry has a multiplier of 1.5, then 100 lost jobs would result in another 50 lost in the rest of the economy.

Answer 112

National Heritage Areas can be established through an act of Congress, with assistance from the National Park Service. They are managed at a local or regional level. These areas are legislatively authorized because they demonstrate a nationally unique natural, cultural, historic or scenic resource and link natural and cultural resources.

Answer 113

Purchase properties identified as future parkland. While all of the answers are possible methods, purchasing property would be the best way to preserve parkland. Designation on a plan map does not guarantee preservation. Taking parkland through eminent domain is possible, but it is a difficult process and not as straightforward as a purchase.

Answer 114

Although this has been slowing down in recent years, many central cities continue to gain population and outpace suburban growth as a result of net in-migration Alan Ehrenhalt (2012) describes these changes as “The Great Inversion”—poorer, diverse suburbs surrounding wealthier central cities: opposite the conventional American narrative.

Answer 115

All 50 states have some form of Right to Farm law, which attempts to preserve agricultural practices and make farming more viable. Right to farm laws deny nuisance lawsuits against farmers, even if their agricultural practices harm or bother adjacent property owners. Such nuisances may include noise, odors, and visual clutter. The laws aim to minimize the threat to normal farming practices, in contrast to typical farmland preservation policies which aim to preserve farmland itself, so they are not as much about preventing encroachment as they are about allowing traditional practices to continue.

Answer 116

A town hall meeting can be used to identify key issues.

Answer 117

Trip distribution refers to the number of trips originating and ending at place to place. the second part of the 4 step model.

Answer 118

The United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of the Interior. It oversees water resource management related to irrigation, water supply, and hydroelectric power generation in the western United States.

Answer 119

A structure located on a lot that comes up to or very near to the edge of the property line. Rowhouses, garden homes, patio homes, and townhomes are all types of properties that may be zero-lot-line homes.

Misc. AICP History, etc. Flashcards

(144 cards)