Misc. Exam 1 Clinical Applications Flashcards Preview

Functional Anatomy OT 605 > Misc. Exam 1 Clinical Applications > Flashcards

Flashcards in Misc. Exam 1 Clinical Applications Deck (25)
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1
Q

Conditions that encourage decubitus ulcers

A
continuous environmental pressure
moist/damp skin
shearing forces
weight loss
diabetes
2
Q

Stage 1 of decubitus ulcers includes

A

skin is unbroken
skin is warmer
skin has less sensation or is itchy
persistent redness after 20 minutes of released pressure

3
Q

Stage 2 of decubitus ulcers includes

A

partial thickness of skin loss- skin is broken to epidermis or dermis level

4
Q

Stage 3 of decubitus ulcers includes

A

full thickness skin loss through dermis

involvement of subcutaneous soft tissue (adipose)

5
Q

Stage 4 of decubitus ulcers includes

A

full thickness skin loss
necrosis of subcutaneous soft tissue (adipose and muscle)
exposure of bone

6
Q

Prevention of decubitus ulcers includes

A

surface considerations
checking skin for changes in color, temp, and sensation
move/reposition ever 2 hours
incontinences/ moisture increases skin fragility
adequate nutrition and hydration

7
Q

OT preventions for decubitus ulcers

A

seating and positioning evaluations
educating clients, caregivers, staff
strengthening and stretching programs to improve posture and mobility
modifications and adaptions to physical environment
evaluation of cognitive abilities and social environment

8
Q

What is a total hip arthroplasty? (THA)

A

surgical replacement of femoral head and neck with prosthesis
typically with posterior approach

9
Q

3 contraindications to standard hip precautions:

And why

A

no pelvifemoral flexion greater than 90 degrees
no pelvifemoral adduction
no pelvifemoral internal rotation
increases risk of prosthesis dislocation

10
Q

effects of osteoporosis on spine

A

creates bone loss of vertebral bodies that can cause exaggerated thoracic kyphosis of the spine. This shifts the COM to cause movement of COG over BOS

11
Q

What type of joint is the atlantooccipital joint?(AO)

A

AO joint is biaxial and condyloid

between occipital condyles and superior facts of the lateral masses of atlas vertebra

12
Q

What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint? (AA)

A

AA is a Uniaxial and pivot joint

between vertebral foramen of atlas and dens of axis

13
Q

What type of joint is the zygapophyseal joint?

A

multiaxial and plane joint
between facet of inferior articular process of more superior vertebrae and facet of superior articular surface of more inferior vertebrae

14
Q

What type of joint is the intervertebral joint?

A

Nonsynovial

joint between bodies of vertebrae

15
Q

What is sarcopenia?

A

Sarcopenia is degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and peak strength
reduction in number of muscle fibers and size of muscle fibers
after age 60

16
Q

Impacts of sarcopenia

A

Contributes to frailty syndrome (decline in ADL/IADL, functional mobility, shorter lifespan)

17
Q

Changes to muscle tissue with immobilization

A

muscle atrophy within 10 days
decrease of muscle size, not number of fibers
decrease in functional strength

18
Q

changes to muscle tissue with advanced age

A

sarcopenia after age 60

19
Q

changes to muscle tissue with strength training

A

muscle hypertrophy

increase in size of muscle fibers, not numbers

20
Q

What is Davis’ Law?

A

Soft tissue (like muscle) will adapt according to the biomechanical load placed on it

21
Q

Application of Davis’ Law

A
Soft tissue (muscle) placed under higher biomechanical load will hypertrophy
Will atrophy under lower load
22
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

Bones will adapt according to the biomechanical load placed upon it

23
Q

Application of Wolff’s Law

A

Trabeculae will increase in density and cortical bone will thicken with increased load. Will weaken with less load. Stress usually after 6-8 weeks recovery

24
Q

Ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

25
Q

tendons

A

connect muscle to bone