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Health Assessment > Misc. HA Midterm > Flashcards

Misc. HA Midterm Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

deterioration of the retina at the central part

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2
Q

Macular Degeneration types

A

Dry and Wet -

dry: most common, vessels do not leak
wet: d/t abnormal blood vessel growth that leaks fluid into the macula

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3
Q

How to test for Wet Macular Degeneration

A

Amsler Grid – wet = wavy lines

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4
Q

Glaucoma - types

A

Open and Closed

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5
Q

Open Glaucoma

A

d/t slow blockage of drainage canals, causes the angle where the iris meets the cornea is wide open

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6
Q

S&S of open glaucoma

A

1st = loss of peripheral vision
2nd = central vision
painless

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7
Q

Closed Angle Glaucoma

A

EMERGENCY
sudden rise of IOP, closed/narrow angle, rapid, UNILateral headache –> send to ER

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8
Q

Pterygium

A

“surfers eye” – inTERferes with the cornea

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9
Q

Meibomian glands

A

sebacious glands that make tears

blockage = chalazion

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10
Q

Cataract - what is it and 1st symptom

A

Clouding of the lens
1st symptom = difficulty driving at night
painless, blurry vision
MAY lack red light reflex

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11
Q

What does arcus senilis and xantheasma indicate?

A

High Cholesterol!

  • Arcus Senilis (white ring around outter aspect)
  • Xanthelasma (tags on inner eye lid)
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12
Q

Two types of hearing loss

A

Conductive and sensorineural

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13
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

impaired transmission of sound
difficulty understanding
inner ear issue, issue with CN VIII
no corrective surgery

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14
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

difficulty hearing
conduction of sound is impaired

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15
Q

Tests for hearing loss

A

Whisper, Weber, Rinne

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16
Q

Weber and Rinne results

A

Weber - tuning fork on forehead,
= normal, heard BETTER in affected ear, BC > AC

Rinne
(normal +)
(conductive loss = BC > AC in affected ear)
(sensorineural loss AC > BC)

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17
Q

Name 3 major sinuses

A

Ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid

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18
Q

Name major glands in the mouth

A 
stensen ducts (parotid gland opening) 
wharton ducts (submandibular gland opening)
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19
Q

Name major neck lymph nodes

A

Preauricular, ostauricular, tonsilar, submandibular, submental, anterior cervical, posterior cervical, occipital, supraclavicular

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20
Q

How does the thyroid work?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hypothalamus secret thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) –> stimulates thyrotrophs in anterior pituitary to secrete TSH –> stimulates the thyroid follicular cells to release thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

normal = not visible

21
Q

Signs of hyPOthyroid

Study These Flashcards
A

Queen anne’s sign = no lateral eyebrows
Dry brittle hair = hypothyroid
Slow and sluggish

22
Q

Signs of hyPERthyroid

Study These Flashcards
A

Fine thin hair
Onycholysis (in all nails, seperation of nail plate to nail bed)
Hyperactive, anxious
Exopthalmos

PMI increased amplitude

23
Q

Sign of thyrotoxicosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Lid lag present = upper lid will lag behind eyes downward movement and sclera will be visible above the iris

24
Q

Cone of light left and right

Study These Flashcards
A

LEFT 7 o’clock

RIGHT 5 o’clock

25
Mononucleosis
(just highlighted points) * lymphadenopathy = post cervical or occipital nodes * CBC high with 95% lymphocytes * Hepato or splenomegaly
26
Legionnaires disease
from dirty AC units, present with LOW SODIUM
27
What is Psittacosis
illness form birds
28
how many lobes in L and R lung, names?
Right = 3 … RUL superior RML anterior RLL inferior * * * LUL superior, LLL inferior
29
Tracheobronchial tree
Right and left main bronchi formed @ T4-5 → R bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical and almost in direct line with the trachea → higher likelihood of aspiration
30
COPD - general things
Barrel chest increase in AP diameter, loss of muscle strength higher chance of infection (retain thick mucus) cant expel (high residual vol.) less elastic alveoli, more fibrous
31
scoliosis degree of concern
if \>20 degrees with growth left → brace
32
Pneumonia and tactile fremitus
INCREASED infiltrate within lung tissue percussion = dull
33
Pleural effusion and tactile fremitus
DECREASED fluid within the visceral and parietal fluid, NOT in lung percussion = dull **trachea deviated TOWARD UNAFFECTED side**
34
tracheal lung sounds
heard over trachea E \> I harsh, high pitch
35
Bronchial LS
@ next to trachea E \> I loud, high pitch
36
Bronchovesicular LS
@ sternal order b/w scapula I = E medium loudness, medium pitch
37
Vesicular
@ remainder of lungs I \> E soft, low pitch
38
Fine crackles
= FLUID 1. Discontinuous, fine, high pitch, @ end of inspiration 2. = PNA, CHF, bronchitis, asthma, COPD
39
Coarse crackles
1. Discontinuous, low pitched, bubbling or gurgling, @ early inspiration, extends into expiration 2. = more advanced disease, pulm edema, pulm fibrosis
40
Wheeze
1. Continuous, high pitched, expiration, small airways 2. = asthma, COPD, CHF
41
Rhonchi
1. Continuous, low pitched, coarse, loud, expiration 2. = obstructed trachea, bronchitis, PNA
42
Pleural Friction Rub
1. Superficial low pitch, coarse, throughout inspiration and expiration 2. = pleurisy, pericarditis, pericardial effusion 3. Will go away if breath is held
43
Egophany and Bronchophony
Ask pt to say “eeee” 1. Bronchophony: Clear loud E sound 2. Egophony: sounds like A over a consolidation
44
Pneumothorax - prone, and gen info
prone = tall, young, thin males 1. Inspection: anxious, holding chest, **trachea deviated toward UNAFFECTED side** 2. Palpation: decreased tactile fremitus and decreased thoracic expansion 3. Percussion: hyperresonance on chest wall 1. Auscultation: decreased or absent breath sounds
45
PE gen info
1. Commonly from DVT 2. Decreased thoracic expansion on affected side 3. Tenderness to palpation - pleuritic pain 4. Dullness to percussion on affected side 5. Decreased breath sounds, rales/friction rub
46
PE S&S
1. Tachycardia, S3/S4 2. Dyspnea, rales, pleuritic chest pain, cough, hemoptysis 3. Leg pain, cyanosis (check lips), fever 4. Asymmetric pitting lower extremity edema, prominent superficial collateral vessels 5. Tenderness to palpation 1. **+ Homan’s Sign = calf pain with dorsiflexion of foot with knee straight** 1. Measure calves and check popliteal pulse
47
Age for mammograms?
* **40 years old or if any family history, 10 years earlier**
48
age for papsmears?
21 years old, q 3 years

Health Assessment (3 decks)

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