MISC. REWIEW QUESTIONS Flashcards
(41 cards)
STAGES OF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
alcohol withdrawal stages
Stage 1 (mild): anxiety, insomnia, nausea, abdominal pain and/or vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, tremors, depression, foggy thinking, mood swings, and heart palpitations
Stage 2 (moderate): increased blood pressure, body temperature and respiration, irregular heart rate, mental confusion, sweating, irritability, and heightened mood disturbances
Stage 3 (severe/delirium tremens): hallucinations, fever, seizures, severe confusion, and agitation
time line of alcohol withdrawal symptoms
Roughly 8 hours after first drink: The first stage withdrawal symptoms may begin.
After 24-72 hours: Symptoms generally peak in this time period, and stage 2 and 3 symptoms can rapidly manifest.
5-7 days later: Symptoms may start to taper off and decrease in intensity.
Beyond the first week: Some side effects, particularly the psychological ones, may continue for several weeks without treatment.
drugs approved for treatment of PTSD
–sertraline
–paroxetine
symptoms of withdrawal from heavy marijuana use
–irritability –Drug craving –Sleep disturbance –Concentration problems –depressed mood –Diarrhea –Nausea
symptoms of marijuana intoxication
–distorted perception –increased appetite –Euphoria –Hallucinations –injected sclera –Increased heart rate –Decreased blood pressure
drug most likely causing symptoms resolving with hot bath
cannabis
where is the brains reward system?
nucleus accumbens
clinical difference between cocaine intoxication and bipolar mania
–mania must last for week or more
–Hypomania last 4 or more days and is milder
–Cocaine symptoms are intermittent
volume of distribution of nicotine
180 L
R their racial differences in nicotine absorption and accumulations
–African-Americans absorbed 30% more nicotine think Caucasians
–Chinese Americans have lower nicotine levels
–Women nicotine faster than men
age group with the highest use of inhalants
young adults 18–25
what is precontemplation
–not yet considering change
–Resistance to change
–needs coalition to show up for change
what is contemplation
–ambivalence
–vacillation
–Wants to change but resist needed changes
what is preparation
–begin needed steps
–Increased confidence in decision to quit
what is action
–actually begins needed steps
–Needs support
–Over actions to change environment or to quit
what is maintenance
–consolidation of gains
–Learning alternative coping mechanisms
–Learning the triggers of emotion precipitate abuse
what is relapse and recycling
–possible but not necessary
–avoiding being stuck
–Learning from mistakes
what his termination
–ultimate stage
–Patient exits treatment without fear of relapse
difference between neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome
both have
–Confusion
–Hyperthermia
–Increased muscle tone
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
–Akinesia
–Mutism
–rigidity
Serotonin syndrome
–Rambling speech
drugs causing erectile dysfunction
–During intoxication
–During withdrawal
opioids cause sexual dysfunction during both intoxication and withdrawal
cocaine and stimulants cause sexual dysfunction only during intoxication
which Tri-Cyclic antidepressant is most appropriate for treating daytime pain
desipramine is the least sedating tryicyclic antidepressants
first-line drugs for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder
–paroxetine
– escitalopram
–Sertraline
–venlafaxine
FDA approved uses for duloxetine
–major depressive disorder –Generalized anxiety disorder –Diabetic neuropathy –Fibromyalgia –Chronic musculoskeletal pain
methamphetamine effects on neurotransmitters
synaptic levels dopamine and norepinephrine and serotonin are increased with methamphetamine
