Misc Textbook pt. 2

Question 1

What are the two types of infant social fear?

Answer 1

Separation anxiety and Stranger Wariness

Question 2

What is the definition of temperament?

Answer 2

It is the born differences in emotions, activity, and self-regulation

Question 3

What are the three proponents of temperament?

Answer 3

1. Effortful control
2. Negative Mood
3. Exuberance

Question 4

What is synchrony?

Answer 4

It is early parent-child interactions

Question 5

What are the three aspects of infant social involvement?

Answer 5

1. Synchrony
2. Attachment
3. Social Referencing

Question 6

What is the hallmark of a social game that has become synchronized?

Answer 6

The infant will anticipate and react to moves

Question 7

What experiment supports the experience-expectant nature of synchrony?

Answer 7

The still face technique - parent with a still unresponsive face

Question 8

What two signs indicate attachment?

Answer 8

contact-maintaining and proximity-seeking

Question 9

What is attachment parenting?

Answer 9

Prioritizing mother-infant relationship

Question 10

What is the correlation between cesarian births and allergies?

Answer 10

A c-section triples the rate of allergies

Question 11

What are the three aspects of executive functioning?

Answer 11

Memory, inhibition, and flexibility

Question 12

When is the vocabulary explosion?

Answer 12

2-6

Question 13

What is fast mapping?

Answer 13

learning a word after one exposure

Question 14

What is overregularization?

Answer 14

It is applying the rules of language to too many cases

Question 15

What are pragmatics?

Answer 15

The adjustment of language depending on the audience

Question 16

At what Piagetian stage do children start to understand pragmatics?

Answer 16

Preoperational thought

Question 17

What are the critical ages for emotional regulation?

Answer 17

3-5

Question 18

What are the two types of motivation?

Answer 18

Intrinsic and Extrinsic

Question 19

What are the five types of Parten’s stages of play in order?

Answer 19

1. Solitary
2. Onlooker
3. Parallel
4. Associative
5. Cooperative

Question 20

What is the developmental problem associated with high screen time?

Answer 20

Less active play

Question 21

What does rough and tumble play help develop?

Answer 21

A connection between the limbic system and prefrontal cortex

Question 22

What is sociodramatic play?

Answer 22

It is the acting out of roles and plots

Question 23

What correlation is found between corporal punishment and adult temperament?

Answer 23

Spanking leads to agressiveness

Question 24

What is empathy linked to?

Answer 24

Prosocial behaviour

Question 25

What is the significant problem associated with childhood asthma described in the textbook?

Answer 25

Frequent absence from school

Question 26

What is the hygiene hypothesis?

Answer 26

The immune system not having interaction with microbes when young leads to poorer immune response when older.

Question 27

Define comorbidity

Answer 27

More than one disorder is present in the same person

Question 28

Do IQ tests aim to measure aptitude or achievement?

Answer 28

Aptitude

Question 29

What are the three learning disorders discussed in class?

Answer 29

Autism, specific learning disorders, and ADHD

Question 30

What is parentification?

Answer 30

It is when a child feels responsible for the whole family

Question 31

What is child culture?

Answer 31

It is the customs passed down from young children to younger ones

Question 32

What are the three problems peer rejected children usually face?

Answer 32

1. Misinterpret Social Situations 2. Lack emotional Regulation 3. Experience mistreatment at home

Question 33

What is the purpose of bullying in middle childhood?

Answer 33

Status amongst peers

Question 34

What are the three moral imperatives of child culture?

Answer 34

1. Defend your friends 2. Don't tell adults 3. Conform to standards

Question 35

Is retribution or restitution more morally advanced?

Answer 35

Restitution

Question 36

What is the first period of a girl and first ejaculation of a boy called?

Answer 36

Menarche and spermarche

Question 37

What gland in the brain releases hormones?

Answer 37

The pituitary

Question 38

What are the two hormone pathways from the brain to the body?

Answer 38

Hypothalamus - Pituitary - adrenal gland OR gonad

Question 39

In puberty, which areas of the brain grow faster?

Answer 39

Instinctual/Emotional faster than reflective/analytic

Question 40

How does stress effect puberty timing?

Answer 40

It makes it come earlier

Question 41

Which organ is the only one that decreases in size during puberty?

Answer 41

The lymphoid system

Question 42

Define child sexual abuse

Answer 42

Any sexual activity between a minor and an adult

Question 43

What is the cohort trend for sexual activity in teens?

Answer 43

It is decreasing over time

Question 44

Why are STI number higher in adolescents?

Answer 44

The vaginal secretions are less in pubescent children, also a lack of awareness/shame leads to no treatment

Question 45

What is adolescent egocentrism?

Answer 45

It is when adolescents focus on themselves and what other think of them

Question 46

What is rumination?

Answer 46

It is obsessive overthinking about self-focused concerns.

Question 47

What is the name for the phenomenon resulting from egocentrism in adolescence?

Answer 47

Imaginary Audience

Question 48

What is a personal fable?

Answer 48

The belief that one s unique and destined to have a fabled life

Question 49

What is role confusion?

Answer 49

A lack of commitment to goals or values.

Question 50

What is foreclosure?

Answer 50

It is the acceptance of values without questioning or analysis

Question 51

What is coercive joining?

Answer 51

when two people make derogatory comments about a third

Question 52

When is the risk greatest for self-harm?

Answer 52

Right after puberty

Question 53

What is MDD?

Answer 53

Major depressive disorder, just major depression

Question 54

When is the prevalence and incidence of arrest the highest?

Answer 54

Adolescence

Question 55

What are the two distinctions of teenage law-breakers?

Answer 55

Adolescence-limited law breakers and life course persistent offenders

Question 56

What drug type is most accessible to the youngest adolescents?

Answer 56

Inhalants

Question 57

What should parents balance in terms of their children?

Answer 57

Lenience and Control

Question 58

Why is there a struggle between adolescents and parents?

Answer 58

Adolescents struggle for independence

Question 59

What is familism?

Answer 59

The belief that one should sacrifice everything for family

Question 60

How do adolescents choose peers?

Answer 60

Similarity

Question 61

What ways can adolescents learn about sex?

Answer 61

Media, Parents, Peers, Educators

Question 62

How can we rate media's helpfulness to adolescents about sexual education?

Answer 62

It is a poor helper

Question 63

What is the difference in sexual activity onset between children with teachings on abstinence and on comprehensive sexual education?

Answer 63

Onset is the same

Question 64

Why are cluster suicides a problem in adolescents?

Answer 64

The are emotional and egocentric, adolescents are particularly affected by news of a suicide

Question 65

What is a Piagetian stage proposed fifth stage?

Answer 65

Postformal thought, more complex formal operational

Question 66

What is adult cognition?

Answer 66

Combination of logic and experience

Question 67

What trend is a sign of postformal thinking in mate selection?

Answer 67

Intermarriage is a type of consideration of nuanced compatibility.

Question 68

Define moratorium

Answer 68

It is a pause in the pursuit of identity achievement by doing something else, ie. a gap year

Question 69

What are Sternberg's 3 postulates of relationships?

Answer 69

Intimacy, passion, and commitment

Question 70

What trend is observed in cohabitation (unmarried)?

Answer 70

It has increased over the last 50 years over every demographic

Question 71

What is the studied advantage and disadvantage (2) to cohabitation?

Answer 71

Advantage: economic Disadvantage: Poorer child-rearing without marriage, also a higher incidence of partner violence

Question 72

What are the two forms of couple abuse?

Answer 72

Situational couple violence - both partners fight intimate terrorism - power imbalance

Question 73

Generally at what period in life do people make the most friends?

Answer 73

Emerging adulthood

Question 74

What demographics have the highest rates of loneliness?

Answer 74

Young adults and over 80

Question 75

What is self-concept, when does it emerge, and how does it change with age?

Answer 75

It is how one defines oneself, and develops through middle childhood. They become more specific and logical in adolescence.