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Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

Herpes can live on surfaces for how long?

A

24 hours

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2
Q

One in 3 people are carriers of what pathogen on their skin?

A

Staph aureus

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3
Q

Large outbreaks of which infection have been reported in clusters associated with acu clinics?

A

Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOT)

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4
Q

who approves the use of various disinfectants for use in healthcare offices and procedures?

A

Short answer: United states Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Long answer: In the United States, chemical germicides formulated as sanitizers, disinfectants, or sterilants are regulated in interstate commerce by the Antimicrobials Division, Office of Pesticides Program, EPA, under the authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) of 1947.

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5
Q

___________ infections are created when pathogens already present in a person are moved into the body or to another location within the body where they are pathogens.

A

Autogenous

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6
Q

__________ are caused by pathogens acquired from another person or by the environment

A

cross-infections

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7
Q

List the 2 bloodborne pathogen umbrellas we need to know for this test

A

Hepatitis
HIV

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8
Q

List the other Healthcare Associated Infections we need to know for this test

A

1) Tuberculosis
2) Staphylococcus
3) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
4) Mycobacterium Other than Tuberculosis
5) Herpes simplex
6) Influenza
7) Norovirus
8) Clostridium Difficile

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9
Q

What are the two routes of transmition for Hep B, C, and D?

A

blood borne or sexual contact

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10
Q

Incubation period of HAV

A

15-50 days

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11
Q

Onset of HAV and HEV is abrupt or insidious?

A

abrupt

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12
Q

Onset of Hep B, C, and D are abrupt or insidious?

A

insidious

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13
Q

HBV incubation period

A

45-160 days

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14
Q

HCV incubation period

A

14-180 days

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15
Q

HDV incubation period

A

unknown

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16
Q

HDV hitches a ride on

A

HBV

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17
Q

HEV incubation period

A

15-60 days

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18
Q

Vaccine is available for which Hepatitises?

A

A and B (D by proxy)

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19
Q

Are HAV and HEV chronic?

A

no

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20
Q

Which demographic is more likely to develop chronic condition from HBV

A

children

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21
Q

What is the risk of HCV becoming a chronic infection? What percent becomes chronic hepatitis?

A

75-85%

60-70%

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22
Q

How long can HAV survive outside the body?

A

months

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23
Q

how do you sanitize a surface with HAV on it?

A

heat to over 185 degrees

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24
Q

main symptoms of HAV

A

nausea
fatigue
abdominal discomfort
loss of appetite
dark urine
jaundice

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25
how long does HBV survive in the environment?
7 days
26
Symptoms of HBV during the incubation phase
insidious onset mild flu-like symptoms such as abdominal discomfort fever anorexia nausea chills joint pain rash diarrhea
27
which is the most common blood-borne infection in the united states?
HCV
28
rank in terms of most easily contracted: HIV, HCV, and HBV
HIV is hardest to catch HCV is middle HBV is easiest to catch (unless person was vaccinated)
29
most common way for people to be infected with HCV
Hollow needles
30
How long can HCV survive in the environment?
4-5 days
31
What are the symptoms of HCV
insidious onset of: anorexia nausea jaundice vomiting
32
HDV is transmitted through
percutaneous or mucosal contact with infected blood
33
How does the presence of HDV make HBV worse?
can accelerate and make a case of mild chronic hepatitis worse
34
How long can HDV survive on surfaces
no one is sure but same precautions should be taken as HBV
35
What are the symptoms of HEV
sudden onset of fever malaise anorexia nausea sometimes jaundice
36
mortality rate of pregnant mothers with HEV?
20%
37
Transmission of HIV is from ________ contact
blood-to-blood
38
How long can HIV survive in the environment
minutes
39
incubation period of HIV
8-10 years
40
When a person is HIV positive and has less than 200 CD4 cells per microliter we diagnose this as
AIDS
41
initial symptoms of HIV 2-4 weeks after infection can look like
a flu or mononucleosis
42
IS there a vaccine for tuberculosis?
yes
43
what are the sx of tuberculosis
feeling weak, weight loss cough etc.
44
tuberculosis incubation period
3-9 weeks
45
how often should acupuncturists get tested for tuberculosis
yearly
46
how long can tuberculosis survive on dry inanimate surfaces?
months
47
how long can tuberculosis survive in the environment
74 days
48
what inactivates the tuberculosis bacteria?
light exposure
49
transmission method of Staphylococcus
contact with discharging wound
50
how long does staphylococcus survive on surfaces
months
51
is there a vaccine for staph?
no
52
incubation period of staph
4-10 days
53
MRSA transmission
skin contact or contact with objects that have touched infected sites
54
MRSA incubation period
4-10 days
55
how long does MRSA last on surfaces
90 days
56
is there a vaccine for MRSA?
no
57
how to disinfect MRSA on surfaces
EPA-approved disinfectantq
58
transmission of Streptococous
when mucus contacts an open wound on the skin It occurs when bacteria from throat or skin goes where this bacteria is not usually found like subcutaneous tissue, blood, or lungs
59
incubation period of streptococcus
1-7 days
60
Sx of streptococcus
sore throat, impetigo, cellulitis
61
Sx of Staph/MRSA
small warm red bumps that can develop into abscesses
62
how long does streptococcus a live on surfaces (dry and wet)
dry 6 months wet 1 year
63
how long does MOT live on surfaces
months
64
Sx of MOT
suppurative and ulcerated skin nodules. can also cause lung infections in people who have chronic lung disease
65
transmission of MOT
medical equipment that has not been sterilized
66
Sx of Herpes
severe outbreak, followed by quiescence, then prodromal stage (itching, pain, tingling), then outbreak of blisters which heal in 7-10 days.
67
typical transmission of herpes in clinical environment
saliva
68
HSV incubation period
4 days
69
HSV survival on surfaces
a few hours to 8 weeks
70
how to disinfect HSV
very easily. Lysol or listerine will do the trick.
71
how to disinfect Staph
Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite
72
how to disinfect streptococcus
ethyl alcohol
73
how long does influenza survive in the environment
24 hours

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