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HPIM 19th Cardio > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Beck’s Triad

A

Muffled heart sounds
Hypotension
Inc JVP

(Cardiac Tamponade)

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2
Q

MC type of murmur

A

Midsystolic soft murmurs

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3
Q

Murmurs necessitating 2D echo

A 
Loud systolic
Holosystolic
Late systolic
All diastostolic
Continuous murmurs
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4
Q

Malar telangiectasia is a cutaneous manifestation of which CVD

A

Severe MS

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5
Q

Peripheral edema + Normal venous pressure

A 
Venous insufficiency (MCC)
Lymphatic obstruction
Venous obstruction
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6
Q

> 10mmHg decrease in SBP with inspiration

A

Pulsus paradoxus

seen in: pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, massive PTE, hemorrhagic shock, severe COPD, tension pneumothorax

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7
Q

Slow, notched or interrupted upstroke

A

Anacrotic pulse (Pulsus parvus et tardus)

*aortic stenosis

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8
Q

Cardiac cycle with two systolic peaks

A

Bifid/Bisferiens pulse

AR and HCMP

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9
Q

Normal BP difference between arms

A

<10mmHg

legs: <20mmHg

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10
Q

High BP differentials

A

Aortic dissection
Atherosclerotic or inflammatory subclavian artery disease
Supraclavicular AS
CoA

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11
Q

Reversed split S1

A

LBBB
Severe MS
LA myxoma

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12
Q

Wide split s2

A

RBBB

Severe MR

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13
Q

Associated with click sound

A

MVP

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14
Q

Pericardial knock

A

Constrictive pericarditis

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15
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

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16
Q

Increases the murmur of MVP and HOCM

A

Standing

Valsalva or coughing

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17
Q

Decreases the murmur of MVP and HOCM

A

Squatting
Passive leg raising
Handgrip exercise

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18
Q

Early diastolic murmurs

A

Aortic regurgitation

Pulmonic regurgitation

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19
Q

RAE on ECG

A

Tall peaked P waves (>/=2.5 mm) in limb and precordial leads

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20
Q

LAE on ECG

A

Biphasic P wave in limb leads or notched in limb leads

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21
Q

LVH on ECG

A

RV5 or RV6 >25mm

SV1 + RV5 or V6 >/=35mm

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22
Q

RVH on ECG

A

R>S on V1 with RAD or
R, RS, qR pattern in V1 or
ST depression and T wave inversion in the right to midprecordial leads

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23
Q

Triggered automaticity secondary to afterdepolarizations during and action potential

A

Torsades de pointes

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24
Q

Delayed afterdepolarizations

A

Digitalis toxicity

Reperfusion VT

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25
Tacchyarrhythmia occuring primarily among patients with chronic pulmo disease
Multifocal atrial tachycardia
26
Drug-induced Mobitz Type 1
B blockers | Non Dihydropyridines
27
MC tachycardia caused by an acessory pathway
AV reentry tachycardia (AVRT) | *orthodromic
28
MC antidromic AV reentry
Preexcited tachycardia
29
CHA2DS2-VASc
``` CHF HPN Age: 75=2 DM Stroke Vascular Disease Age: 65-74=1 Sex female ```
30
Most frequent site of origin of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias
RV outflow tract
31
Configuration of RV outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias on ECG
LBBB with inferior frontal axis
32
ICD placement in high-risk survivors of AMI
>40 days after AMI and LVEF = 0.3 or EF = 0.35 + SYMPTOMATIC HF (FC II-III) >5 days after AMI + LVEF, nonsustained VT and inducible sustained VT or VF on electrophysiologic testing
33
Vtach + CAD
Occurs in the setting of a large prior MI with markedly depressed LVEF
34
DOC for Torsades de pointes
IV MgSO4
35
Highest risk for Torsades de pointes
Sotalol
36
First line treatment of symptomatic idiopathic VT
Catheter ablation
37
Can present with either preserved or depressed EF
CAD | HPN
38
PE finding which is an indicator of severity of hemodynamic compromise in heart failure
Presence of S3
39
Most useful index of LV function
Ejection Fraction
40
Role of exercise stress testing in patients with heart failure
Assess need for cardiac transplantation in advanced HF *<14ml/kg/min peak O2 uptake, better survival
41
First principle of management of acute decompensated HF
Identify and address any precipitant
42
Worse outcomes for acute decompensated HF
BUN >43 mg/dL Elevated trop I Crea >2.75 mg/dL SBP <115 mmHg BECS
43
Cornerstone therapy of HFrEF
BBlockers | ACEI
44
Principal determinant of the clinical course, manifestations and feasibilitynof repair of VSD
Pulmonary vascular bed
45
Tetralogy of Fallot
VSD RV outflow tract obstruction RV hypertrophy Aortic overriding the VSD
46
Downward displacement of TV into the RV
Ebstein anomaly
47
Midsystolic murmur, low-pitched, rasping, best heard at the 2nd right ICS radiating to the carotid arteries
Aortic Stenosis
48
Murmur not seen in AF
S4
49
Systolic murmur with cooing or “sea gull” quality
Ruptured chordae tendineae
50
MC valvular involvement in carcinoid syndrome
Pulmonic valve
51
Drug useful across all types of most common valvular heart diseases
Diuretics
52
Diagnostic criteria of myocarditis
Dallas criteria | lymphocytic infiltration with evidence of myocyte necrosis
53
CMP in amyloidosis
Restrictive CMP
54
Earliest symptom of most cardiomyopathies
Exertional intolerance due to inadequate cardiac reserve during exercise
55
Characteristic feature of restrictive CMP
Predominant right-sided congestive symptoms
56
4 principal features of acute pericarditis
Pericardial effusion Characteristic chest pain Characteristic ECG changes Presence of pericardial friction rub
57
Murmur associated in ankylosing spondylitis
AR
58
Clinical manifestations in ASD
Angina Syncope Dyspnea *Death in 1-2 years
59
Characterisitic PE findings of TR
Hepatomegaly with pulsations
60
Effectivity of diuretics in volume overload
Weight loss of 4.5 kg in 5 days *if with resistance add thiazides
61
AF in acute alcohol intake
Holiday heart syndrome
62
Best describes the chest pain of acute pericarditis
Severe retrosternal often pleuritic and referred to the back and left trapezius
63
First line treatment of acute idiopathic pericarditis
Aspirin | If unresponsive: Colchicine
64
MC primary malignant tumor of the heart
Sarcoma
65
Ca with highest risk of cardiac metastasis
Malignant melanoma
66
2 causes of renovascular hypertension
``` Atherosclerosis Fibromuscular dysplasia (MC: medial) ```
67
MC congenital cardiovascular cause of hypertension
Coarctation of the aorta
68
MC form of SVT
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)
69
McGinn-White sign
S1Q3T3 in Pulmo Embolism

HPIM 19th Cardio (8 decks)

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