miscellaneous Flashcards
(22 cards)
Two types of oesophageal cancer and which is more common?
adenocarcinoma and squamous cell. Adenocarcinoma is more common
What section of the oesophagus do most cancers present?
middle third
Risk Factors for oesophageal cancer?
smoking, drinking, Barretts, GORD, achalasia
What does oesophageal cancer most commonly present with?
dysphagia
What is the first investigation carried out in suspected oesophageal cancer?
upper GI endoscopy
How do you stage oesophageal cancer?
CT of chest, abdomen and pelvis
When does UC typically present?
bimodall - 15-25 and 55-65
Is H pylori gram negative or gram positive?
negative (H)
eradication therapy for H Pylori?
7 day treatment with either
PPI + amoxicillin+clarithromycin
or
PPI + metronidazole + clarithromycin
what is H pylori associated with?
peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis
what is the triad of ascending colangitis
fever, RUQ pain and jaundice
What is ascending cholangitis?
infection of the common bile duct
what is a gallstone ileus?
gallstone in intestine
first line pharmacological treatment of IBS?
antispasmodic agents for pain,
laxatives for constipation
diarrhoea: loperamide is first line
second line treatment of IBS?
low dose tri cyclic antidepressants (ami tryptaline 5-10mg)
if symptoms are not improved by pharmacological intervention, can consider what?
CBT, hypnosis therapy or psychological therapy
what is primary biliary cirrhosis?
Interlobular bile ducts become damaged by a chronic inflammatory process causing progressive cholestasis which may eventually progress to cirrhosis. The classic presentation is itching in a middle-aged woman
what age and sex of people develop PBC?
middle aged women
what is the change in epithelium in barretts oesophagus?
SSC - squamous to columnar
There is a 50-100 fold increase in which type of cancer with Barretts?
adenocarcinoma
is alcohol an individual risk factor for barretts?
no, although it is for GORD and oesophageal cancer
What are the 3 Ms of primary biliary cirrhosis?
IgM, Anti mitochondrial antibodies, middle aged females
