Miscellaneous endocrine Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is acromegaly?
XS growth hormone
Hypersomatropism
What causes acromegaly/hypersomatropism?
Pituitary tumours (old male cats) Mammary tumour in in tact females (or females on progestogens)
Give examples of acromegaly symptoms
Prognathism
Insulin resistant DM
Growth of extremities
Wide interdental spaces
How is acromegaly diagnosed?
Increased IGF-1
How can acromegaly be treated?
Spay female dogs
Control DM with insulin
Hypophysectomy (remove pituitary)
What is a gastrinoma?
Pancreatic tumour - produces gastrin
remove surgically but may have mets
What causes hyperaldosteronism in cats (not reported in dogs)?
Adrenal tumour producing aldosterone
How can hyperaldosteronism be treated?
Restrict sodium, supplement potassium
Surgical excision of adrenal glands
Spironolactone
What causes primary hyperparathyroidism?
Functional tumour producing PTH
Causes hypercalcaemia
What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?
PUPD, dehydration, dystrophic calcification, acute renal failure, rubber jaw (due to renal failure)
What causes secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Renal or nutrition
What is pseudohyperparathyroidism?
Inadequate response to PTH
How does the parathyroid hormone affect calcium levels?
Hyperparathyroidism - hypercalcaemia
Hypoparathyroidism - hypocalcaemia
What can cause hypothyroidism (failure to produce PTH)?
Primary - immune mediated
Secondary - removal of parathyroid gland
How is hyperparathyroidism treated?
Removal of parathyroid
IVFT
Phosphate binders
What are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?
Anxiety, tetany, muscle spasm, weakness, tachycardia, weak pulses (due to hypocalcaemia)
How is hypoparathyroidism treated?
Emergency - IVFT and calcium glutinate (slow, use ECG)
Maintenance - calcium, Vit D
What is an insulinoma a tumour of?
Pancreatic beta cells
How does an insulinoma affect glucose levels?
Produces insulin
Persistent hypoglycaemia
How is an insulinoma treated?
IV glucose
Frequent small meals avoiding simple sugars
Prednisolone
Oral anti-hyperglycaemic (glipizide)?
What tumour presents similar to Cushing’s?
Macroadenoma
pituitary tumour - however patient gets duller when treated
How are macro adenomas treated?
Hypophysectomy (pituitary removal)
Radiotherapy
What is a phaeochromocytoma a tumour of? What does it secrete?
Adrenal medulla Secrets catecholamines (dopamine, adrenaline)
How are phaeochromocytomas diagnosed and treated?
Dx: ultrasound
Tx: surgical excision, anti-hypertensive medications
