Miscellaneous Facts

Question 1

drugs with pregnancy category B

Answer 1

penicilin G
cefazolin
erythromycin
nitrofurantoin
amphotericin B deoxycholate
nystatin

Question 2

drugs with pregnancy category C

Answer 2

vancomycin
cipro
TMP-SMZ
fluconazole

Question 3

drugs with pregnancy category D

Answer 3

tetracycline

gentamicin

Question 4

antifungals

Answer 4

nystatin
fluconzaole
amphotericin B

Question 5

urinary antiseptics

Answer 5

nitrofurantoin

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole TMP-SMZ

Question 6

fluoroquinolones

Answer 6

Ciprofloxacin DNA replication

Question 7

aminoglycosides

Answer 7

gentamicin

Question 8

macrolide

Answer 8

erythromycin

Question 9

bacterial cell wall inhibitors

Answer 9

vancomycin
carbapenems
cefazolin
penicillin G

Question 10

bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 10

gentamicin
erythromycin
tetracycline

Question 11

black box warning: red man syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Answer 11

vancomycin

Question 12

black box warning: discoloration of the teeth

Answer 12

tetracycline

Question 13

black box warning: cardiotoxicity w/ risk for torsades de pointes

Answer 13

erythromycin

Question 14

black box warning: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Answer 14

gentamicin

Question 15

black box warning: tendonitis and tendon rupture

Answer 15

Cipro

Question 16

black box warning: Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Answer 16

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole TMP-SMZ, fluconazole

Question 17

black box warning: cardiac arrest, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Answer 17

amphotericin B and gentamicin/vancomycin for oto and nephro only

Question 18

anti-infective drug classes that antagonize or inhibit penicillin

Answer 18

aminoglycosides and tetracyclines

Question 19

increases anticoagulant effect of warfarin

Answer 19

cefazolin, tetracycline, erythromycin, Cipro, fluconazole

Question 20

food can reduce absorption by 50%

Answer 20

tetracyclines

Question 21

administer w/ full glass of water on empty stomach

Answer 21

tetracycline, Cipro, erythromycin (unless enteric coated), TMP-SMZ (might be ok w/ food)

Question 22

avoid use w/ fluconazole and grapefruit juice

Answer 22

erythromycin

Question 23

don’t give immediately before sleep

Answer 23

tetracyline

Question 24

hearing loss, vertigo and dizziness

Answer 24

erythromycin

Question 25

narrow spectrum for serious systemic gram-negative infections given parenterally

Answer 25

aminoglycosides (but also some gram-positive MRSA in gentamicin)

Question 26

broad spectrum usually PO

Answer 26

tetracycline

Question 27

photosensitivity

Answer 27

gentamicin, tetracycline, Cipro, TMP-SMZ

Question 28

no antacids, calcium supplements, iron products or laxatives w/ magnesium

Answer 28

tetracycline

Question 29

3 ways drugs block bacterial DNA replication

Answer 29

1) inhibit synthesis of precursor bases 2) interact w/ or bind to DNA, preventing uncoiling 3)bind to enzymes of replication, stopping formation of new strand

Question 30

cartilage, GI, cardio, CNS, photo and hepato toxic

Answer 30

Cipro

Question 31

avoid with caffeine, antacids, magnesium, aluminum, iron or zinc sulfate, sucralfate and calcium-fortified juices

Answer 31

cipro

Question 32

may enhance effects of oral anticoagulants

Answer 32

TMP-SMZ

Question 33

avoid w/ fluoroquinolones and antacids w/ magnesium

Answer 33

Nitrofurantoin

Question 34

pulmonary toxicity

Answer 34

Nitrofurantoin

Question 35

5 mechanisms of action for antifungals

Answer 35

1) inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 2) disruption of membrane integrity (3) disruption of microtubule formation 4) inhibition of glucan synthesis 5) inhibition of ergosterol synthesis

Question 36

polyene drug class

Answer 36

Amphotericin B, Nystatin

Question 37

don't use if BUN > 40 mg/dL or creatinine > 3 mg/dL

Answer 37

Amphotericin B

Question 38

hypokalemia a common problem

Answer 38

amphotericin B

Question 39

nausea and vomiting in 10 to 20% of patients administered PO

Answer 39

fluconazole

Question 40

bind to sterols in fungal cell membrane

Answer 40

nystatin

Question 41

premedicate w/ antipyretics, antihistamines, antiemetics and corticosteroids

Answer 41

amphotericin B

Question 42

give with food or milk

Answer 42

nitrofurantoin