Miscellaneous insects Flashcards by Rachel Glass

What is the latin name for cockroaches and how many species are there?

Blottodea
>3500 spp
<1% known

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Give the latin name for the oriental cockroach

Blatta orientalis

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Give the latin name for the australian cockroach

Periplaneta australasiae

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Give the latin name for the american cockroach

Periplaneta americanus

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Give the latin name for the brown-banded cockroach

Supella supellectilium

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Give the latin name for the madeira cockroach

Leucophaea maderae

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Give the latin name for the german cockroach

Blatella germanica

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Give the anatomy of a cockroach

Black/brown colour
Smooth
Dorsoventally flattened
Antennae
Tegmina

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What is the distinct about cockroach antennae?

Prominent
Multi-segmented
Filiform

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What is distinct about cockroach tegmina?

Visible leathery wings that protect the underlying functional wings

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Describe cockroach behviour

Heated buildings
Social
Nocturnal
Omnivorous
All prefer walking and most can fly
Some are wingless

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What are the genital appendages of the cockroach?

Cerci (female)
Styli (male)

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What is the life cycle of the cockroach?

Some produce eggs, some live young
16-48 eggs in ootheca
Nymphs hatch from ootheca after 32 days

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How many instars do cockroach nymphs pass through?

6-15

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What is the difference between cockroach nymphs and adults?

Smaller
No wings
No genital appendages

But do resemble adults

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What do cockroaches do while feeding?

Vomit
Defecate

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Why do cockroaches smell bad?

Defence glands emit aldehydes/quinones

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Give examples of pathogenic organisms carried by cockroaches

E.coli
Salmonella

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Which nematodes can cockroaches be an intermediate host for?

Gangylonem pulchrum (gullet worm)

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Which helminths can cockroaches be an intermediate host for?

Maniliformis maniliformis

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Are cockroaches vectors for disease?

Theoretically but not proven
Carry 4 polio viruses, 40 bacteria spp and 12 helminths

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How do cockroaches cause allergic disease?

Irritant reaction to defense and secretions
Asthma due to proteases and ligands
Salivary hypersensitivity in lab workers

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Discuss cockroach control

Clean habits
Clean environment
Traps
Baits
Chemicals

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What are the 3 medically important families of hymenoptera?

Apoidea
Vespoidea
Formicoidea

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What are apoidea?

Honeybess

What are vespoidea?

Wasps

What are formicoidea?

Ants

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps social behaviour?

Ants - social Bees - social and solitary Wasps - social and solitary

What are sterile male and female ants called?

Sterile females - workers Sterile males - drones

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps wings?

Ants - wingless except on nuptial flights Bees - 2 pairs of membranous wings Wasps - wings and wingless

What is the latin name for velvet ants?

Multilidae

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps body hairs?

Bees - plumose and feathery body hairs Wasps - simple structure body hairs

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps mouthpars?

Ants - chewing (mandibles) Bees - lapping Wasps - biting and chewing

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps diet?

Ants - plant and animal matter Bees - carbohydrates and pollen Wasps - protein from animals and carbohydrates (less than bees)

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps narrow constriction between thorax and abdomen?

Ants - 2 constrictions Bees - 1 constriction Wasps - 1 constriction

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps stings?

For all, only female and workers possess stings

Discuss the anatomy of hymenoptera

Elbow-jointed antennae Wasp waist Stings Venom varies on species

What are the potential reactions to hymenoptera stings?

Toxic Serum sickness Anaphylaxis

What is honeybee venom called and how does it work?

Mellitin Painful RBC lysis and increased vascular permeability

What are coleoptera?

Vesicating insects

What are the 3 medically important coleoptera families?

Meloidae Staphyliniae Carabidae

Name 4 meloidae

Lytta vesicatoria Epicaudata Mylabris Cyanolytta

Which meloidae is the spanish fly?

Lytta vesicatoria

Which meloidae are from Africa?

Mylabris Cyanolytta

Which meloidae is from USA?

Epicaudata

What is important about the colours of meloidae?

They are aposematic (colours warn predators)

Which substance do meloidae secrete and what does it do?

Cantharidin via leg joints Causes painless blisters which rupture after a few days

What are the results of catharidin ingestion/absorption?

GIT irritation Urinary irritation If severe - lethal

Which species are cape mounted rifles?

Mylabris spp of meloidae Mylabris oculata

What are the features of mylabris spp?

20-50mm Black and yellow/red Larvae feed on cricket/locust egg packets or bee eggs, pollen, honey stores

What are the 2 staphylinidae species?

Paederus subaeus Paedarus eximus

Where is paederus subaeus from?

Southern Africa

Where is paederus eximus from?

East Africa

Name the features of the paederus species

5-20mm Shortened wing cases Characteristic colours

What are the characteristic colours of paederus?

Head black Thorax red Wing cases metallic green/blue Abdomen red anteriorly, black posteriorly

Which substance do paederus contain that cause 2 medical conditions and name them?

Paederin Paederus dermatitis Nairobi eye

What is paederus dermatitis also called?

Kissing lesions

What are the 3 stages of paederus dermatitis?

1. Erythematous (red spots, patches) 2. Vesicular (1-2 after stage 1) 3. Squamous (3-8d after contamination) - causes gradual skin peeling -> pigmented spots that take months to disappear

How do you manage Nairobi eye?

Wash immediately Antibiotics

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of delay between contact and onset of erythema?

Cantharidin - 18-24h Paederin - 36-72h

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of erythema character?

Cantharidin - mild/asx Paederin - marked and painful

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of vesicle character?

Cantharidin - small, rapidly coalescing, clear fluid on superficial base Paederin - small, clear fluid becoming purulent, tendency to coalesce on a deep base

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of symptoms?

Cantharidin - almost none Paederin - pronounced itching

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of healing?

Cantharidin - by resorption or blister bursting Paederin - crust formation

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of residual lesion?

Cantharidin - none or light transient pigmentation Paederin - marked persistent pigmentation, itching

What are the 3 beetles of the carabidae family?

Ground beetles Ant-nest beetles Bombardier beetles

Name the harmful carabid secretions

Formic acid Salicaldehyde N-alkane M-eresol Isobutyric acid

What is the latin family and subfamily for ground beetles?

Family - anthia Subfamily - anthiinae

What are the features of ground beetles?

25-50mm Large, black beetles Yellow/white spots on thorax and wing cases Carnivores Daytime creatures

What is the defence secretion of ground beetles?

Formic acid Squirt up to 35cm any direction Severe pain and blisters

What is the latin subfamily of ant-nest beetles?

Paussinae

What are the features of ant-nest beetles?

1. Antennae consist of fused terminal joints to form club 2. Special glands that eject volatile quinone-containing gas that cause severe pain/burning of skin/eyes

What is the subfamily of bombardier beetles?

Brachininae

What is the defense mechanism of bombardier beetles?

Catalyse hydroquinones enzymatically Eject 100 degree corrosive irritant liquid than can burn and stain vertebrate skin

What is the family of urticating beetles?

Domestidae

What are the larvae of urticating beetles also known as?

Woolly bears Carpet beatles

What are the features of urticating beetles?

Larvae feed on decaying animal and plants Adults feed on flowers Can cause skin lesions

What is the latin name of the carpet beatle?

Anthrerus

What are the features of the carpet beetle?

Small, 3mm larvae Specialise in fibres Can cause papulovesicular dermatitis

What is the family of colcoptera?

Chrysomelidae

What are the flea beetles?

Polyelada Diamphidia

Discuss the larvae and pupation of flea beetles

Larvae feed on marula and commiphora tree leaves Fall from tree at time of pupation and burrow into the soil and form a cocoon

What was a use of flea beetles by humans?

San hunters used flea beetle larvae to poison arrow foreshafts

Miscellaneous insects Flashcards

(84 cards)