Miscellaneous Tumors

Question 1

What is a Giant Cell Tumor also known as?

Answer 1

Giant Cell Tumor is also known as osteoclastoma.

Question 2

At what age range does Giant Cell Tumor commonly occur?

Answer 2

20-40 years.

Question 3

Which gender is more commonly affected by Giant Cell Tumor?

Answer 3

Females (F > M).

Question 4

Where is Giant Cell Tumor commonly located?

Answer 4

Epiphysis of long bones like femur, tibia, and radius.

Question 5

Can Giant Cell Tumor extend beyond the epiphysis?

Answer 5

Yes, it may extend into the metaphysis or joint.

Question 6

Are Giant Cell Tumors usually solitary or multiple?

Answer 6

Majority are solitary.

Question 7

What are the two cell populations seen in Giant Cell Tumor histology?

Answer 7

Multinucleated large osteoclasts and mononuclear stromal cells.

Question 8

Which cell type in Giant Cell Tumor is neoplastic?

Answer 8

Mononuclear stromal cells.

Question 9

Name one condition with a similar histologic appearance to Giant Cell Tumor.

Answer 9

Aneurysmal bone cyst (<20 years)
Brown Tumor of Hyperparathyroidism
Osteosarcoma with giant cells

Question 10

Name another condition resembling Giant Cell Tumor histology.

Answer 10

Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism (high Ca & PTH).

Question 11

Which malignant bone tumor can mimic Giant Cell Tumor histology?

Answer 11

Osteosarcoma with giant cells.

Question 12

What is important for diagnosing Giant Cell Tumor besides histology?

Answer 12

Clinical and radiographic correlation.

Question 13

Is the clinical behavior of Giant Cell Tumor predictable or unpredictable?

Answer 13

Unpredictable.

Question 14

Are most Giant Cell Tumors benign or malignant?

Answer 14

Most are benign.

Question 15

Can Giant Cell Tumors be aggressive?

Answer 15

Yes, they can be aggressive.

Question 16

Can Giant Cell Tumors recur after treatment?

Answer 16

Yes, recurrence may occur.

Question 17

Can Giant Cell Tumors metastasize?

Answer 17

Yes, they may metastasize to the lung.

Question 18

What transformation can occur in Giant Cell Tumor?

Answer 18

Sarcomatous transformation.

Question 19

What histologic feature should be checked for sarcomatous transformation?

Answer 19

Mitoses in the stromal spindle cells.

Question 20

How is Giant Cell Tumor treated?

Answer 20

Surgical curettage or resection

Question 21

hat does PNET stand for?

Answer 21

Primitive Neuro-Ectodermal Tumor.

Question 22

What type of cells are seen in Ewing Sarcoma and PNET?

Answer 22

Undifferentiated round cells within the marrow cavity (Small Round Blue Cell Tumor).

Question 23

Which gender is more affected by Ewing Sarcoma and PNET?

Answer 23

Males (M > F).

Question 24

What is the common age group for Ewing Sarcoma and PNET?

Answer 24

Children and teenagers (5-20 years).

Question 25

What is the classic translocation seen in Ewing Sarcoma?

Answer 25

t(11;22) involving the EWS gene.

Question 26

What are the key X-ray findings in Ewing Sarcoma?

Answer 26

Lytic medullary lesion and concentric ‘onion skin’ layering of new periosteal bone.

Question 27

Which bones are commonly affected by Ewing Sarcoma?

Answer 27

Diaphyses of long bones, pelvis, and tibia.

Question 28

What pathological features are associated with Ewing Sarcoma lesions?

Answer 28

Necrosis and hemorrhage.

Question 29

How do tumoral cells behave in Ewing Sarcoma?

Answer 29

They destroy cortex and periosteum and invade surrounding tissues.

Question 30

What microscopic features are seen in Ewing Sarcoma?

Answer 30

Sheets of undifferentiated small round blue cells.

Question 31

What cytoplasmic material is detected in Ewing Sarcoma and with what stain?

Answer 31

PAS positive material consistent with glycogen.

Question 32

What structure indicates neural differentiation in Ewing Sarcoma?

Answer 32

Homer-Wright rosettes.

Question 33

What are the clinical features of Ewing Sarcoma?

Answer 33

Mass, pain, and local inflammation.

Question 34

What is the treatment for Ewing Sarcoma?

Answer 34

Chemotherapy, surgery, and possibly irradiation.

Question 35

What is the 5-year survival rate for localized Ewing Sarcoma?

Answer 35

0.75