misconceptions of topic 3 Flashcards
how are the sperms able to move (motility)
has flagellum that allows them to move. Sperms also have mitochondria which allows them to move faster as mitochondria releases energy
how are ovum able to move (motility)
ovum can not move on their own. Ciliated cells allows the ovum to move
cytoplasm
transports genetic material and cellular respiration
acrosomes
releases enzyme
cortical reaction
causes zona pellucida to harden, preventing other sperms (polysperm) to enter
acrosomal reaction
the enzymes that is released by the acrosome digests the acrosome and allows the sperms head to enter
fertillisation
occurs when a sperm cell and egg cell fuse their nuclei together.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
folds and processes protein made on the ribosome
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
produces and processes lipids
golgi apparatus
modifies and packages proteins aswell lipids
centromere
the region when the cells spindle fibres attach
chromatid
when DNA replicates it forms chromosomes made of 2 identical sister
homozygous
either both alleles are dominant or recessive
hetrozygous
when one of the alleles is dominant and other is recessive
spindle fibres
pulls the sister chromatid away from each other to opposite poles of the cell
centrioles
pairs of hollow cylinders
made in spindle fibres
cell membrane
control what enters and leaves
cytoplasm
site of chemical reaction
totipotent
have the ability to divide into any type of cell
pluripotent
pluripotent cells can divide into any type of cells except extraembryonic cells
multipotent
can only develop into a few different type of cell
unipotent
the cells can only divide into only one type of cells
embryonic stem cells
these are found in an early embryo, thees can develop into any type of cells
adult stem cells
these are obtained from the body tissues of an adult. These stem cells aren’t as flexible as embryonic stem cells . They can only develop into a limited a range of cells
