Miss Lee - Cell Utra Structure And function

Question 1

Nucleus structure

Answer 1

Double nucleus envelope, stores DNA. Has nucleolus located in it and a nucleus

Question 2

Nucleus function

Answer 2

Controls the cell Contains DNA
makes ribosomes
Double membrane proteds the nucleus from damage
has pores

Question 3

Endoplasmic reticulum structure

Answer 3

Smooth ER - no ribosomes has a system of tubules
Rough ER - studded with ribosomes
ER - stacks of membrane bound fluid, stacks of cisterne

Question 4

Endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 4

RER - site of protein synthesis

SER - carbohydrate and lipid synthesis and storage

Question 5

Golgi apparatus structure

Answer 5

Stacks of flattened membrane bound stacks called cisterne

Question 6

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 6

Allows internal transport
Receives proteins from RER
Modifies and processes molecules into vesicles as new lipids and proteins
Lipid synthesis
Makes lysosomes
Secretary vesicles leave the cell or igosomes which stay in the cell

Question 7

Ribosome structure

Answer 7

A 2 sub unit organelle
Made from RNA and protein
Freely floating around cytoplasm
Or attached to RER

Question 8

Ribosome function

Answer 8

Site of protein synthesis

Question 9

Mitochondria structure

Answer 9

Oval shaped
Two membrane (double membrane)
Inner membrane forms finger like structure (called Cristae ) larger SA
Matrix contains enzymes for respiration
Mitochondria DNA to reproduce and create enzymes

Question 10

Mitochondria function

Answer 10

Site of aerobic respiration and release of ATP carrier cells

Question 11

Lysosomes structure

Answer 11

They are spherical surrounded by a single membrane

Question 12

Lysosomes function

Answer 12

They contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes know as lysosomes they break down worn out or components of the cell or digest invading cells

Question 13

Centrioles structure

Answer 13

A component of the cytoskeleton
Composed of many microtubules
Small hollow cylinders that occur in pairs next to the nucleus in animal cells only
Each centriole contains a ring of 9 microtubules

Question 14

Centrioles function

Answer 14

Makes copies of itself in cell division and then helps to form spindle non cell division

Question 15

Cilia structure

Answer 15

Hair like extensions that protrude from some animal cell types
Outer membrane 9 pairs of proteins and two in the middle a 9+2 arrangement and allows movement

Question 16

Cilla function

Answer 16

Sensory function (e.g nose) beat together making currents to move fluids/ mucus / objects for locomotion

Question 17

Plasma membrane structure

Answer 17

Found on the surface of animal cells inside cell wall of plant and prokaryotic cells
Contains a phospholipid bilayer

Question 18

Plasma membrane functions

Answer 18

Regulates movement of substrate into and out of the cell

Contains receptor molecules which allows it to respond to chemical like hormones

Question 19

Cytoskeleton structure

Answer 19

3 structural components
Microtubules
Microfillaments
Intermediate fibres

Question 20

Microfillament function

Answer 20

Responsible for the movement of the cell and cytoplasm during cytokinesis made from protein actin

Question 21

Microtubules function

Answer 21

Determines shape of cell and track organelles movement around the cell
Made from protein tublin

Question 22

Intermediate fibres function

Answer 22

Gives strength to cells and helps maintains integrity

Question 23

Flagella structure

Answer 23

Similar to cilla but longer 9+2 arrangement

They protrude from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane

Question 24

Flagella function

Answer 24

Enables cell mobility
Microtubules contract to mark the flagella move
Propelles the cell forward e.g speed cells

Question 25

Chloroplast structure

Answer 25

Double membrane encloses the stomata Stomata contains starch grains, lipids stores, DNA, RNA, ribosomes. Series of membrane bound flattened stacks called grana Grana are linked together by lamellae Grana contains chlorophyll

Question 26

Chloroplast functions

Answer 26

Photosynthesis reactions

Question 27

Cell wall structure

Answer 27

B-cellulose microfibrills complex carbohydrates Cell wall is fully permeable to substances Thin layer called the middle lamella which marks boundary between adjacent cell wall and cements together

Question 28

Cell wall function

Answer 28

Gives plant mechanical support and shape Contents of plant cells push against the cell wall gives whole plant and cell support Turgid

Question 29

Describe the interrelationship between organelles in protein production

Answer 29

The M RNA enters through the nuclear pores To take a copy of the genetic material(The gene makes protein). The mRNA leaves to the nuclear pores To the rough endoplasmic reticulum where the ribosomes For protein synthesis. Once the protein chain is made it gets transported to the Golgi apparatus to be modified the modified chain then leaves in a secretary Versicle to fuse with the cell surface membrane through the microtubules