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Missed Question Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Cataracts symptoms

A

Blurred vision

Reduce ability to distinguish among different colors

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2
Q

When should live vaccine be avoided

A

Pregnancy
Treatment with immunoglobulin such as in Kawasaki disease
And immunosuppressed

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3
Q

Complications of tetralogy of falot

A

Seizure

Loss of consciousness or death from anoxia

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4
Q

Drugs interactions with Nsaid 1st generation of cox 1 and cox2

A 
Anticoagulant 
Glucocorticoids 
Alcohol 
Ace inhibitors 
Angiotensin receptors inhibitors
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5
Q

Intravenous pyelogram

A

Bowel preparation
NPO after midnight
Iodine sensitivity

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6
Q

Caring for cast

A

Neurovascular check every hour for 24hrs

Elevation to reduce swelling

Ice in the first 24 hours

Complications
Itching
Compartment syndrome

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7
Q

Digoxin

A

Hypokalemia increases digoxin toxicity

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8
Q

Chiari malformation complications

A 
Result in hydrocephalus 
Infant 
Bulging fontanels
Head enlargement 
Dilated scalp veins
Frontal protrusion 
Irritability 
High pitched cry and seizure 
Childhood 
Headache 
Ataxia 
Papilledema
Strabismus 
Irritability confusion lethargic incoherent

Muscle spasticity weakness and atrophy

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9
Q

Nursing intervention

A 
Place kid on side or knee chest
Allow children to squat
Oxygen at 100% face mask
Morphine or just iv fluid to treat cyanotic episodes 
Daily weight 
High calorie formula
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10
Q

Presbycusis

A

Difficulty hearing high frequency sounds

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11
Q

What are possible complications of shocks

A

Organ failure
Multiple organ failure
Disseminated intravascular coagulation due to body overuse of clotting factors which fails to clot blood and result in bleeding

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12
Q

Seizure precautions

A 
Raise side rails and pad hard objects 
Swim with supervision 
Use protective headwear/ padding for sports or physical activity 
Wear a medical alert bracelet 
Set driving restrictions for teens
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13
Q

Symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia

A 
Goose flesh below the level of injury 
Profuse sweating above the level of injury 
Flushing of the skin
Nasal congestion 
Nausea 
Headache 
High blood pressure
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14
Q

Cytoscopy

A

Informed consent
Bowel prep
NPO

Post procedure 
Monitor 
Abdominal distention
Urinary frequency
Fever

Complications
Perforation of urinary track or bladder as demonstrated by pelvic pain

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15
Q

Signs of poor perfusion

A 
Hypotension 
Tachycardia 
Weak thready or absent peripheral pulse
Capillary refill greater than 3srconds
Cool clammy pale skin
Decreased level of consciousness 
Oliguria
Diaphoresis
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16
Q

Insulin type
Onset
Peak
Duration

A 
Fastest
Insulin humalog
O: 15 minutes
P: 30 minutes 
D: 2-3hours

Fast: regular insulin
O: 30 minutes
P: 1-2 hours
D: 2-4 hours

Slow: NPH insulin
O: 1 hours
P: 2-4 hours
D: 10-24hrs

Slowest: insulin glargine
O: 1-2 hours
P: none
D: 24hrs

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of fluid overload

A 
Rapid bounding pulse 
Jugular vein distension 
Hypertension 
Dyspnea
Crackles
Peripheral edema 
Urine specific gravity les than 1.01
Decreased hemoglobin hematocrit bun because of hemodilution
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18
Q

Type of diets

A

Low purine diet = restrict meats anchovies beer wine

Low residual/ low fiber= reduce intake of canned fruit, refined carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables

Food that are high in refined carbohydrates are usually low in fiber

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19
Q

Clinical manifestations of CF

A

Salty skin because of loss of chlorine salt
Infertility
Delayed puberty
Increased risk for miscarriage

Méconium ileus
Steatorrhea fatty and smelly stool 
Wheezes
Atelectasis
Pneumothorax 
Poor absorption of vitamin adek
Poor absorption of protein and fats
Hyperglycemia 
Barrel chest appearance
Clubbing
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20
Q

Teaching for kawasaki disease

A

Sign of aspirin toxicity
Follow up visit with cardiology within a week and 4-6 weeks later
Avoid MMR and varicella for 11 months after treatment with IVIG

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21
Q

Exercise stress test

A

Avoid caffeine/caffeinated beverages
Npo or only eat light meal
Comfortable clothing/footwear

Pharmaceutical stress test
Induced with Dobutamine

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22
Q

BRAT vs CRAM

A

BRAT = not good for diarrhea banana rice

CRAM = good for diarrhea

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23
Q

Frontal lobe functions

A

Controls affect, judgment and emotions
Dysfuntion results in symptoms such as emotional lability changes in personality inattentiveness, flat affect and inappropriate behavior

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24
Q

Therapeutic action of Terbutaline

A

Terbutaline is a beta 2 adrenergic antagonist
A bronchodilator used in acute asthma attack, chronic bronchitis , and emphysema

In labor terbutaline injections is used labor to prevent preterm labor and slow contraction

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25
Monitor patients with tractions
Monitor for muscle spasms (weight might be heavier) Pain monitoring Pin site care
26
Priority in hypertensive crisis
High risk for rupture of cerebral blood vessels leading to a stroke
27
Symptoms of kawasaki disease
``` Acute phase Unresolved fever after 5 days Conjunctiva Strawberry tongue Reddened and crackled lips Rash on body and genital parts Irritability Cervical lymphadenopathy ``` ``` Subacute phase Acute symptoms clear Thrombocytosis Dilated coronary arteries Skin peeling on fingers and toes Arthritis affecting the large weight bearing joints Convalescent phase Most symptoms resolve but abnormal lab values can persist Anemia thrombocytosis elevated ALT High WBC Low albumin High wbc urine ```
28
Symptoms of salicylism
Early sign = tinnitius, headache | Long term sign = nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis
29
autonomic dysreflexia causes
``` Seen above T6 level Noxious stimulus below the level of injury Full bladder Enema/bowel movement Rectal examination ```
30
Enema
Indications: abdominal distension Bowel preparation Soften hardened stool Contraindications: rectal surgery Colon surgery Acute MI Appendicitis Complications Hyperphosphatemia Perforation Sepsis
31
Positioning after hip arthroplasty
Keeping legs abducted while in bed or sitting in chair Prevention of hip flexion greater than 90 Avoid sitting in low chairs and install raised toilet seat Use two pillows or abductions pillows between legs when sleeping
32
Fifth disease
Contagious during prodromal phase | Once rash appears, no longer contagious
33
Ecg section explanation
P wave= atrial depolarization QRS = ventricular depolarization ST = early ventricular repolarization T wave =ventricular repolarization
34
Post surgery complications
``` Hemorrhage Atelectasis/pneumonia VTE Paralytic ileus SSI Dehiscence Evisceration Urinary retention Neurocognitive complications Psychosocial complications ```
35
Symptoms of ventricular septum defect
``` Heart murmur Tachycardia Retractions Cool extremities Wheezing ```
36
Antidote for Warfarin
Vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma
37
Diet for patient with liver disease
Low protein and high carbohydrates because the liver can no longer metabolize protein which can result in accumulation of ammonia in the body High carbohydrate tomeet caloric and metabolic needs
38
Kawasaki disease
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or infantile polyarteritis affects mucous membranes lymph nodes walls of the blood vessels and the heart It can cause inflammation or the arteries especially the coronary arteries of the heart which can result in aneurysm and myocardial infarction in the child To avoid cardiac complications from Kawasaki disease treatment IVIG and aspirin should be started in 10 days
39
Cullen’s sign
Redness around the belly button The aorta large vessel coming directly from the heart within the abdomen can tear during trauma often resulting in a sudden emergency
40
Clinical manifestations of DI
``` Increased serum sodium and osmolality Weight loss Dehydration Hypotension Tachycardia ```
41
Multiple sclerosis
Limit Demyelination of white matter Cranial nerves alteration Interventions Bowel/bladder training ROM exercises Coordination exercise Medications: muscle relaxant
42
Tramadol Pharmaceutical action And side effects
Centrally acting analgesic Block reuptake of NE and Serotonin ``` Side effects Sedation Dizziness headaches Seizure Nausea Urinary retention ```
43
Symptoms of fat embolism
``` Dyspnea Tachycardia Petechia on chest Low grade fever Hypotension ```
44
Signs of skull fracture
Bleeding from the wound near location of trauma Eyes Ears And nose
45
Ideal conditions for optimal vaginal delivery
Lie- longitudinal Présentation- céphalique/ vertex (head first) Attitude- flexion of head and extremities Position- loa and ROA
46
Compare contrast gromerulonephritis
Both are autoimmune disease Glomerulonephritis can be caused by untreated strep throat or lupus and nephrotic syndrome causes are unknown but DM is a risk factor Glomerulonephritis symptoms are hematuria, proteinuria Nephrotic syndrome has massive protein in urine, low albumin in blood and edema Hypoalbulmin trigger the liver to make more albumin and hence more lipids. So hypoalbumiemia is often followed by hyperlipidemia
47
Food cross reactivity with latex
``` Apple Avocado Banana Carrot Celery Chestnut Kiwi Melon Papaya Raw potatoes Tomato ```
48
Causes of Diabetes Insipidus
Head trauma Pituitary tumor CNS infection
49
End of childhood reflexes
Moro reflexes ends around 4-6 months Babinski around 2 years Stepping reflex ends around 2months Sucking reflex ends 4 months
50
Isometric
Contract relax muscle without moving affected part
51
Symptoms of abstinence syndrome
``` Sudden withdrawal from opioid Nausea Vomiting Anorexia Abdominal cramps Tremors Fever ```
52
Clinical manifestations of peritonitis
``` Cloudy dialysate Rebond tenderness Diffuse abdominal pain Vomiting Diarrhea Hyperactive bowel sounds Fever ```
53
Physiologic responses noted during acute pain in neonate
Change in Vital signs Oxygenation Dilated pupils Increased muscle tone
54
What medications should not be taken with milk
Ferrous sulfate Tetracycline Doxycycline Ciprofloxacin
55
Transesopheal echocardiography
NPO hours before Gag reflex before client resume oral intake Monitor for respiratory depression Offering throat lozenges for dry tongue
56
Symptoms for tetralogy of falot
Pulmonary stenosis Ventricular septic defect Overriding aorta Hyperatrophy of the right ventricle Cyanosis at birth Murmur Blue spells or tet spells from hypoxia May occur with crying or feeding
57
Signs of low cardiac output
``` Low BP High HR SOB Low urine output Unrelieved chest pain ```
58
Four markers that indicate child readiness to toilet train
Awareness of urge to void or stool Interest inand motivation to use toilet Being dry for at least 2 hours during the day Ability to pull pants up and down
59
Monitoring schedule after cardiac catherization
Monitor for 7 hours 4x 15 minutes 4x 30 minutes 4 x 1 hour
60
Complications after thyrodectomy
Hypocalcemia Assess patient for signs and symptoms of thyrodectomy Positive trousseau sign Positive chevosek sign Numbness and tingling of the lips or fingertips Muscle twitching Muscle spasms
61
Treatment of hydrocephalus
Ventriloperitoneal shunt Complications of vp shunt Infection and malfunction ``` Malfunctions lead to increased ICP which manifestations are Loss of consciousness Decreased HR Increased BP Decreased RR Headache Blurred vision ``` Late signs of ICP is the cushing triad Hypertension with widened pulse pressure Bradycardia And abnormal respirations
62
Food rich in potassium
``` Oranges Bananas Tomatoes Potatoes Squash Dark leafy vegetables ```
63
Complications of ventricular septal defect
``` Excess fluid in lungs leading to congestive heart failure Clinical finding of CHF Impaired myocardial function Pulmonary congestion Systemic venous congestion ```
64
Signs/symptoms of air embolism
Dyspnea Continuous coughing Chest pain Nursing interventions Trendelenburg position Inspect integrity of the CVAD Changing dressing and cleansing insertion site with chlohexedine
65
Care of patients with Tracheostomy
Suction no longer than 10s Hyperoxygenate prior to and immediately ``` Acute complications: bleeding Infection Air leak Subcutaneous emphysema Tube displacement ``` Chronic complications altered body image Tracheal necrosis Tracheal stenosis
66
FAST
Facial droop Arm weakness Speech difficulties Time
67
What is ketogenic diet
Diet use to reduce fever activity Avoid carbohydrates and glucose Consume high fats and proteins Encourage additional vitamin and supplements
68
Erickson 8 stages of development
Infant to 18 months: trust vs mistrust 18 months to 3 years : autonomy vs shame and doubt 3 years to 5 years: initiative vs guilt 5 to 13 years: industry vs inferiority 13-21 years: identity vs role confusion 21-39 years : intimacy vs. Isolation 40 -65 years: generativity vs stagnation 65 and older: Ego integrity vs Despair
69
Drugs not to take with grapefruit
``` Statin Nifedipine Buspirone Budesonide Amiodarone ```
70
Additional complications of dehydration
DVT due to hemo concentration related to blood viscosity
71
How can you differentiate type of stroke? | Characteristics of ischemic stroke
Slow progression of symptoms Weakness on right side Asymetrical smile or facia movement
72
Side effects of glucocorticoids
Effect on blood sugar = hyperglycemia Effect on electrolytes imbalance Hypernatremia Hypokalemia Infection Bone loss Headache

Nclex Review (2 decks)

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