Missed Questions Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
Any research article on diet and nutrition should be scrutinized for which of the following?
A
Reliability and validity
2
Q
Which of the following represents a critical evaluation of a study by other scientists?
A
Peer review
3
Q
Which of the following is the best prescription for daily protein intake for an elderly, sedentary individual?
A
1.3 g/kg body weight
4
Q
The United States consumes more sugar than any other country in the world. From the options provided, what food category represents the largest source of sugar intake in the U.S. diet?
A
Beverages
5
Q
What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a low GI food?
A
GI score under 55
6
Q
Which polysaccharide is digested fastest?
A
Amylopectin
7
Q
What are the byproducts of beta-oxidation?
A
Glycerol and free fatty acids
8
Q
What is the key role of phospholipids?
A
They are responsible for what enters and leaves every cell.
9
Q
What family of compounds are the vitamin K1 compounds called?
A
Phylloquinones
10
Q
In what process does selenium play a critical role?
A
Antioxidant system
11
Q
When assessing your client’s sweat losses, a Nutrition Coach determines that their change in body mass is approximately 1.5 kg. How many liters of sweat does this equal?
A
1.5 liters
12
Q
A client is part of a peer-group that has shared the same struggles with eating properly and trying to lose weight but is now in the Action stage; of which of the following is this an example?
A
Social modeling
13
Q
A client is not sure that they can reduce their intake of snacks at work, but their Nutrition Coach reminds them that they felt the same way when they thought they could not reduce their alcohol intake. The coach is using which of the following to increase this client’s self-efficacy for the specific task of reducing snacks?
A
Verbal persuasion
14
Q
What can help a client define the best version of themselves?
A
Values
15
Q
Which of the following varies along a continuum and is reflective of the level to which a behavior is integrated into an individual’s values or identity?
A
Motivational regulation
16
Q
Which document serves as a resource for health professionals and describes healthy diets that may help prevent diet-related chronic diseases?
A
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
17
Q
Which body composition assessment method uses high-frequency sound waves emitted by a probe to visualize different parts of the body?
A
Ultrasound
18
Q
If a supplement makes a claim about a nutrient (e.g. a vitamin, mineral, amino acid, or type of fat), what information must it provide on the Supplement Facts label?
A
The amount of the nutrient in a serving of the product
19
Q
What is an appropriate visual approximation for starch at a meal for an average adult male who requires approximately 2200-2800 calories per day?
A
Two cupped palm-size portions
20
Q
The new/revised Nutrition Facts label requires the nutrient content of four micronutrients to be listed. These micronutrients are listed in which of the following groups?
A
Calcium, Vitamin D, Potassium, Iron
21
Q
What is an appropriate portion (in ounces) of protein at a meal for an adult, average woman who requires approximately 1500-1800 calories per day?
A
3 - 4 ounces
22
Q
What is the recommended total daily fat intake on a low-fat diet (LFD)?
A
20-35% of total calories
23
Q
The Institute of Medicine recommends that vegans have an intake 1.8 times greater than that of non-vegetarians of what micronutrient?
A
Iron
24
Q
A client has been struggling to lose weight on a low-carb diet. Which item is most likely to be true?
A
The client is unable to adhere to a low-carb diet.
25
A client has been losing weight, but the weight loss is much less than expected with frequent stalls. Which item represents the most likely explanation for this?
The client has lost some adherence to the diet.
26
What are carbohydrate guidelines for endurance athletes who partake in very high-volume, endurance-based training such as athletes engaging in > 6 hours of training per day at 5-7 days per week?
About 12 g/kg/day
27
What should the fat target be set at for endurance athletes?
1 g/kg/day
28
A Nutrition Coach is sitting down with a new client for her initial evaluation. She noted on her Health History Questionnaire that she has diabetes and she has trouble keeping her blood glucose controlled. What is the best course of action?
Refer her to a Certified Diabetes Educator.
29
Which of the following is best defined as the quality or state of being fed or gratified to or beyond capacity?
Satiety
30
Which of the following is best described as the energy consumed for fuel to support and maintain normal body functions like temperature regulation?
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
31
A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids is referred to as which of the following?
Gluconeogensis
32
When would the body undergo the process of gluconeogenesis?
During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids.
33
What is the second priority for ingested carbohydrates in the human body?
Replenish depleted glycogen stores in the liver and muscles
34
What is the vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
35
What factor can raise a food's GI score?
Ingesting food in a liquid state
36
What is the age group that should avoid consuming reduced fat milks?
Children under the age of 2 years
37
What is an example of saturated fat?
Palm oil
38
What is a good source of monounsaturated fatty acids?
Canola oil
39
How many questions are there in the USAUDIT-C questionnaire?
3
40
What effect can alcohol metabolism have if liver glycogen is low?
Sever hypoglycemia
41
What enzyme, that is responsible for the break down of hydrogen peroxide, indirectly contributes to ethanol metabolism?
Catalase
42
What percent of the body is made of calcium?
1-2%
43
What is the intracellular-to-extracellular ratio of potassium?
30 to 1
44
Which of the following scenarios would create the most optimal conditions for decreasing body temperature increase during exercise if the temperature and humidity were equal under each training scenario?
Cycling for an hour outdoors at 20 miles/hour
45
Urine specific gravity is best assessed with which tool?
Refractometer
46
What signaling mechanism triggers thirst due to a significant loss in total body water from sweating?
Baroreceptor
47
Which supplement acts as an acid buffering agent during high-intensity exercise between 60 seconds an 10 minutes?
Sodium bicarbonate
48
Which of the following is the best approach to dealing with program setbacks?
Identify small successes to provide encouragement to move forward.
49
Empathy is known to be an important component of building a successful coach-client relationship. Which of the following best describes being empathetic in communication?
Being empathetic takes practice and intentional effort.
50
Clients should feel as if their own unique change experience is truly understood by the coach. Doing which of the following can accomplish this?
Expressing empathy
51
Self-efficacy is mediated by how many sources?
4
52
What type of goal cannot result in a failure to be reached?
Do your best goal
53
Which of the following is an appropriate visual approximation for vegetables at a meal for an average adult female who requires approximately 1500-1800 calories per day?
A baseball
54
What is the first step that clients should consider when deciding to meal prep?
What type of meal preparation suits their lifestyle and preference
55
When meal prepping, it is recommended that clients limit themselves to how many new recipes to avoid making the process too complicated?
Two or three
56
What is the scientific consensus of genetically modified (GM) foods?
Safe to consume
57
High-fructose corn syrup usually contains what percentage of fructose?
55–65%
58
Which of the following diet characteristics is associated with successful long-term weight maintenance?
Low energy density
59
What is the evidence-based technique that the Nutrition Coach can use when discussing key findings to increase the client’s comprehension of new information, promote accurate retention of the key findings once the session has ended, and improve adherence to the recommended plan known as?
Teach-back method
60
What activity factor adjustment should be made for people who engage in a moderate level of physical activity?
1.55
61
A scientist proposes that sugar is inherently fattening, and performs a study comparing a high sugar diet to a low sugar diet with equal calories. He finds that fat gain was the same between the diets. Which term describes how this study effects the initial proposal?
Falsification
62
Which of the following is a tip for a health-supporting diet?
Follow a diet that is low in saturated fat.
63
Which is most likely to impact longevity?
Calorie restriction may enhance longevity.
64
What is the molecular structure for glucose?
C6H12O6
65
What term is defined as the combined effect of both a carbohydrate's glycemic index (GI) score and the amount of that carbohydrate consumed?
Glycemic load
66
What is the adequate intake (AI) for omega-3 fatty acid for men and women?
1.6 grams per day (men) and 1.1 grams per day (women)
67
Alcoholics often suffer from structural and functional damage to their brain as a result of a deficiency in which vitamin?
Thiamine
68
What acute effect does drinking alcohol have on the heart?
Decreases left ventricle contractility and increases heart rate
69
What elemental metal is present in vitamin B12?
Cobalt
70
Which individual would be most likely to be at risk for exercise associated hyponatremia?
A runner completing a 4.5 hour marathon in cool weather.
71
What is the minimum percentage of beverage fluid replacement range that should be suggested for clients who lose more than 3% of their body mass during training and train more than once over a 24-hour period?
110-120%
72
How many hours does a protein-rich food need to digest or leave the gut?
Up to 3-4 hours
73
Complete protein refers to which of the following?
Protein with all essential amino acids
74
Physical, mental, and social well-being collectively encompass which of the following?
Quality of life
75
Determining the attitudes and beliefs that a potential client has regarding food is a component of which of the following?
Developing a comprehensive client profile
76
A long-term client has recently revealed that she doesn't always feel in control when she's eating alone at home; what is the proper course of action to take?
Recommend that she reach out to a medical professional as this is out of the scope of practice for a Nutrition Coach.
77
Being motivated to eat due to spending time with others or to make social gatherings comfortable is an example of which eating motive?
Sociability
78
Which of the following is the most important tool in becoming a better listener and communicator?
The ability to ask quality questions
79
A competing demand between a client's desire to lose weight and their desire to eat chocolate characterizes which of the following?
Ambivalence
80
"I want to eat more vegetables," is an example of which kind of goal?
Subjective goal
81
Which body composition assessment determines how easily electrical currents travel through the fluids of the body?
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
82
Which of the following is considered a true “gold standard” method of body composition assessment?
A 4-compartment model
83
Which of the following is a useful strategy that can help clients be more efficient during meal prep?
Set out all the ingredients and tools needed prior to starting.
84
Increased translocation of microbial products through the intestinal barrier, an immune response toward lipopolysaccharides, and increased intestinal permeabiity all play a roll in the symptoms of which of the following?
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
85
A client has been under a lot of stress which has been leading to incidents of overeating. On which characteristic of successful long-term weight maintenance should this client work?
Coping capacity
86
What time frame is considered realistic for losing 10% of one's body weight?
6 months
87
What minimum threshold of weight loss substantially reduces risk of many chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes and cardiovascular disease)?
0.1
88
What is a major difference between the Mifflin St Jeor and Katch-McCardle equations?
The Katch-McArdle equation requires data about body composition, whereas Mifflin St Jeor does not.
89
To ensure the client is retaining any shared information, it is important that the content presented is perceived to be important and what other quality?
Based on prior experience
90
Scientists perform a study comparing 1000 women with breast cancer to 1000 women without breast cancer. They gather information on the women's diets and look to see if the women diagnosed with breast cancer had more fat in their diet compared to the women who did not get cancer. Which term best describes this study?
Case-control study
91
Scientists take 5000 people and have them fill out questionnaires on their dairy intake. They then compare cancer rates between people with high intakes and low intakes. What type of study is this?
Observational
92
Scientists find that a protein supplement increases lean mass in the elderly. However, they caution that the results may not apply to other populations, like younger people. What term best describes what the scientists are referring to?
External validity
93
Which of the following is a primary contributor to preventable death?
Smoking
94
ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?
Three
95
Is post-workout protein consumption more important for novice or experienced weightlifters?
Experienced
96
Does the Dietary Guidelines for Americans adjust RDAs according to a person's activity level?
No, they are only based on body size.
97
How many sugar units are contained in oligosaccharides?
3-10 sugar units
98
How much glycogen can the adult liver store?
50 grams per Kg
99
What are the current estimated daily intakes of fiber for men and women in the U.S.?
18 grams for men; 15 grams for women
100
Why is it easy for the average person to meet the adequate intake for omega-6 fatty acids?
Food sources, such as corn chips and microwave popcorn, are readily available.
101
1 gram of alcohol increases urine output by how much?
10 mL
102
Based on the U.S. style eating pattern, how much energy should come from discretionary sources?
0.14
103
What is the maximal recommended daily intake of mercury?
2 µg/kg
104
Which of the following compounds can passively cross a cell membrane?
Water
105
A client who trains for triathlons has asked how much fluid he should consume between his morning runs and afternoon bike rides. He has determined his sweat losses from his early morning runs average around 2 liters. Which range of fluid intake would be most appropriate?
2.5-3.0 liters
106
A client's pre-exercise weight is 65.0 kg. Their post-exercise weight is 63.0 kg. They consumed 0.5 liters of fluid during training. What was the volume of their sweat loss?
2.5 liters
107
On average, how long do glycogen stores last during exercise?
90-120 minutes
108
What does the phrase “hitting the wall” mean?
Most of the muscle glycogen stores have been used up and the body is trying to convert other forms of stored energy (lean tissue and fat) to glucose.
109
How many hours does a carbohydrate-containing food need to digest or leave the gut?
Up to 1-2 hours
110
What is the energy pathway that does not require oxygen to produce ATP?
Anaerobic pathway
111
Which of the following demonstrates a lack of willpower for healthy eating?
Select one:
a.
A client had a planned outing with friends and previewed the menu ahead of time and decided on an a la carte salad, a side dish, and a dessert.
b.
A client is walking through the grocery store and the smell of fresh baked cookies draws them to the bakery.
c.
A client attended an unplanned birthday lunch for a co-worker and had a second serving of chocolate cake.
d.
A client forgot to pack their prepared lunch at home and ended up purchasing some snacks from a vending machine to eat for lunch.
A client attended an unplanned birthday lunch for a co-worker and had a second serving of chocolate cake.
112
Which of the following is the best approach to gathering information related to a sensitive topic from a client?
Select one:
a.
Don't worry about sensitive information as it will make the client uncomfortable and decrease adherence.
b.
Gather information in pieces throughout programming.
c.
Tell the client a story of another client with similar issues.
d.
Encourage the client to fully share so that appropriate programming can be developed.
Gather information in pieces throughout programming.
113
Which of the following describes the ideal talk rate in a conversation?
Select one:
a.
Steady rate with clearly enunciated words
b.
Fast rate to demonstrate knowledge
c.
Soft and slow rate for clarity
d.
Always mirror rate of client
Steady rate with clearly enunciated words
114
Which of the following is true in regards to Motivational Interviewing?
Select one:
a.
It is a directive approach for enhancing autonomous motivation.
b.
It is a confrontational approach for enhancing external motivation.
c.
It is a consequence-driven approach for enhancing controlled motivation.
d.
It is a client-centered approach for enhancing intrinsic motivation.
It is a client-centered approach for enhancing intrinsic motivation.
115
In Motivational Interviewing, ambivalence is seen as which of the following?
Select one:
a.
A trait of difficult clients
b.
A roadblock to change
c.
A normal part of the change process
d.
A sign of resistance
A normal part of the change process
116
Jim wants to place in the top ten of a 5k race. What type of goal is this?
Outcome goal
117
"I want to increase my intake of vegetables from two servings to three servings per day," is an example of which kind of goal?
Performance goal
118
Which of the following nutrients does not have a % Daily Value listed on the Nutrition Facts label?
Select one:
a.
Added Sugars
b.
Carbohydrate
c.
Dietary Fiber
d.
Protein
Protein
119
A client mentions that he is trying to find a brand of cereal that is high in fiber but is not sure how to compare different products. What recommendation could a Nutrition Coach provide to help him choose a brand that is high in fiber?
Choose a brand that has a % Daily Value of 20% or more for fiber.
120
What is the recommended portion size for meat/poultry in the UK according to the British Dietetic Association ?
A deck of cards
121
An extremely low intake of what macronutrient, on a consistent basis, may increase the risk of low testosterone?
Fat
122
Which dietary pattern also accounts for social and cultural aspects, such as communal mealtimes, resting after eating, and regular physical activity?
Mediterranean diet
123
What is an appropriate range of carbohydrates for the general population and athletes who partake in low volume training or mostly skill-based training?
3-5 g/kg/day
124
For an individual engaged in light aerobic exercise 2-3 days per week, what would be the most optimal protein prescription?
1.4 g/kg body weight
125
Which of the following combine to make maltose?
Select one:
a.
Glucose and fructose
b.
Glucose and glucose
c.
Glucose and galactose
d.
Glucose and maltose
Glucose and glucose
126
What is the risk associated with drinking alcohol in cold environments?
Hypothermia
127
Ethanol is ultimately metabolized to produce ATP and what other substances?
Carbon dioxide and water
128
Vitamin C deficiencies occur in what percentage of the population of the United States?
0.07
129
What is the recommended serving amount of fruit per day based on USDA Guidelines?
Select one:
a.
6
b.
3
c.
4
d.
1
4
130
A sweat loss assessment has determined a client loses ~1.5 % of their body mass during a typical training session. The client trains five days per week. What is the best hydration advice be for this client
Drink ad libitum. If this doesn't assure the client, advise an extra 500 mL of water before bed and before reporting to train.
131
A supplement company claims a study shows their product is effective. What factor indicates the company is making a misleading claim?
Select one:
a.
The possible confounding variables were controlled for by the study designers.
b.
There was randomization of the supplement and a placebo but not double blinding.
c.
Outcomes relevant to the study population were measured.
d.
The study population is different than the population to which the supplement company is marketed.
The study population is different than the population to which the supplement company is marketed.
132
Which strategies are recommended for maximizing MPS and muscle gain?
Select one:
a.
Consume at least 10 grams of androstenedione each day.
b.
Consume recommended daily protein total and spread evenly across at least 4 meals.
c.
Consume pre-workout supplements with arginine.
d.
Consume at least 0.7 g/kg of protein each day
Consume recommended daily protein total and spread evenly across at least 4 meals.
133
Which of the following is the most influential variable over self-efficacy?
Select one:
a.
Master experiences
b.
Social modeling
c.
Social persuasion
d.
Emotional responses
Master experiences
134
Having a BMI less than which of the following values indicates an extreme case of anorexia nervosa?
15.0 kg/m2
135
A call to action to change eating behavior would occur during which stage of behavior change?
Select one:
a.
Preparation
b.
Precontemplation
c.
Action
d.
Contemplation
Precontemplation
136
Which of the following types of questioning encourages clients to openly share ideas and information?
Select one:
a.
Probing questioning
b.
Reflective questioning
c.
Divergent questioning
d.
Closed-ended questioning
Divergent questioning
137
A coach summarizes and restates what a client has just told them by saying, “This is the third time you have made a serious effort at losing weight in the last two years. The goal is personally important to you for health reasons, but you are also worried about staying committed to the goal over the long haul.” Which of the following is the coach expressing?
Select one:
a.
Change talk
b.
Accurate empathy
c.
Positive feedback
d.
Listening skills
: Accurate empathy
138
What is a decision balance sheet?
A technique to help people make decisions about starting a specific program or not
139
"I want to run for 30-minutes, four times a week," is an example of which kind of goal?
Objective goal
140
How many grams of fat does a 'Low Fat' product labeled on the Nutrition Facts panel have?
Three grams of fat or less per serving
141
A client wants to know if her daily multivitamin provides an adequate amount of each vitamin to meet all her daily needs. What values should she look at on the Supplement Facts label to determine this?
The % Daily Value (DV) for each vitamin
142
B. J. Fogg's behavior model proposes that three elements must converge in order for a behavior to happen. What are these three elements?
Motivation, ability, and a prompt
143
What is the second important step that clients should consider in preparation for meal prep?
Select one:
a.
Deciding how much food to buy for the week ahead
b.
Buying and storing food for meal prep
c.
Budgeting and scheduling time for meal prep
d.
Deciding what ingredients to buy for meal prep
Budgeting and scheduling time for meal prep
144
An individual who eats three meals plus one to two snacks per day, and whose calorie needs range from 1500 – 1800 per day, may want to limit snacks to approximately what range of calories?
150 - 200 calories
145
According to research, how much daily protein intake will maximize the muscle gain that occurs in response to resistance training?
1.6 g/kg
146
Grass-fed / -finished cattle are different from organic cattle primarily because of which of the following reasons?
Select one:
a.
Organic cattle eat grains during the end of their life.
b.
Grass-fed / -finished cattle have more illnesses.
c.
Grass-fed / -finished cattle get more exercise.
d.
Organic cattle do not eat fresh pasture grass.
Organic cattle eat grains during the end of their life.
147
Organic meat and milk, compared to conventional, contains significantly greater concentrations of what nutrient?
Omega-3 fatty acids
148
Based on the most recent evidence, what is the ideal range of protein consumption per meal to maximize muscle growth?
0.4 to 0.55 g/kg
149
What is the most important aspect of data analysis?
It should be simple and focused on the most important aspects.
150
Clients often confide in the Nutrition Coach. Which client conversation would be grounds for a referral to a licensed healthcare professional?
Select one:
a.
Slow weight loss of 1/2 pound per week (.22 kg)
b.
Chronic fatigue
c.
Late-night ice cream binging
d.
Occasional sleeplessness
Chronic fatigue
151
Most cells utilize which of the following as their primary source of energy?
Glucose
152
How do protein and amino acids influence body pH?
They act as buffers to maintain neutral pH.
153
What is the current RDA for carbohydrates for adults?
130 grams
154
Which two monosaccharides combine to make lactose?
Glucose and galactose
155
What is the recommended amount of added sugar suggested by the American Heart Association for American adult women?
A limit of 6 added teaspoons
156
During exercise, stored molecules of carbohydrates are broken down to glucose to serve as a fuel. What term defines the breakdown of stored glycogen?
Glycogenolysis
157
What is defined as fatty acids containing between 6-12 carbons and found naturally in coconut and palm oils?
Medium-chain triglycerides
158
What are both chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins responsible for transporting in the bloodstream?
Triglycerides
159
A client visits a Nutrition Coach for the first time, and tells the coach she is consuming 20% of her calories from dietary fat and 15% of her calories from saturated fat. What advice should the Nutrition Coach give the client?
Recommend the client decrease total fat to less than 10% of total calorie intake.
b.
Recommend the client decrease saturated fat to less than 10 - 11% of total calorie intake.
c.
Recommend the client consume more saturated fat to improve LDL cholesterol levels.
d.
Recommend the client consume more dietary fat to evoke ketosis.
Recommend the client decrease saturated fat to less than 10 - 11% of total calorie intake.
160
What effect can regular, moderate alcohol consumption have on an individual's health?
Increases the risk of a large number of diseases
161
How is harmful drinking categorized for males?
5 or more standard drinks per day or 15 or more drinks per week
162
What percent of children under the age of 5 have vitamin A deficiency worldwide?
0.33
163
What percent of magnesium in the human body is found in bone tissue?
0.6
164
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin A for adult males ( > 18 years of age)?
900 μg/day
165
