misterm 1

Question 1

Feudalism (nobility and serfs)

Answer 1

nobility: owns land and pledges loyalty to monarchy/ military service
serf: work the land and serve the nobility

Question 2

Absolutism

Answer 2

A political system where there is a singular ruler that holds supreme authority. Monarch justify their rule due to their divine right from god

Question 3

Enlightenment 1685-1815

Answer 3

A change in thought to rational thinking, with an emphasis on reason, science, and human progress. Influenced the Americas, the French revolution, and created modern democracy. Birth of capitalism, social reason, and secularism. The movement away from god.

Question 4

Voltaire 1694-1778

Answer 4

French Enlightenment writers believed in free speech, and religious tolerance, and challenged authority. Believed that the king would slowly be fazed out to a symbolic head.

Question 5

Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778

Answer 5

A major figure in the enlistment. Had the theory of general will. Believed that true freedom comes from giving up collective rights to the government and that the government or ruler would have the national general will in mind

Question 6

Seven Years’ War 1754-1763

Answer 6

A global conflict between Britain and Prussia against Austria and France over colonial territories. Ended with Britain having control over both America and India.

Question 7

Industrial Revolution 1750-1830

Answer 7

A shift away from agriculture to factory work. Mostly in Britain, and led to population growth, urbanization, labor surplus, and technology advances.

Question 8

Steam Engine

Answer 8

Replaced human and animal power, during the industrial revolution.

Question 9

French Revolution

Answer 9

Was caused by a bankruptcy due to war, and an absolute monarchy. Overthrew the absolutism in France and moved towards a new system.

Question 10

Estate Gernal

Answer 10

Pre-revolution French government. With the Clergy (frist estate), Aristocracy (second estate) and the normies (third esate) giving each equal votes.

Question 11

National Assembly

Answer 11

The Third Estate claimed themselves the ruling class, and in 1789 challenge the monarchy right to rule

Question 12

Bastille

Answer 12

A medieval fortress in Paris symbolized the tyranny that the third estate stormed on July 14, making the beginning of the French Revolution.

Question 13

Declaration of the Right of Man

Answer 13

The National Assembly passed this, declaring the protection of property, ensured training by jury, and guaranteed free speech.

Question 14

Legislative Assembly 1791-1792

Answer 14

Created after the national convention, government of body. Known for declaring war on Austria.

Question 15

National Conventions

Answer 15

Governed France during French Revolution. Abolished the monarchy and created a constitution.

Question 16

Maximillien Robespierre

Answer 16

Leader of the Jacobin Club, and key figure in French Revolution and Reign of Terror.

Question 17

Jacobin Club

Answer 17

The influential political club during the French Revolution.

Question 18

Reign of Terror

Answer 18

Peiord during the French Revoltion mass execution ere carried out by Jacobians.

Question 19

The Directory 1795-1799

Answer 19

5 people of government that controlled France after the Assembly, last one before Napolean.

Question 20

Nationalism (+fraternity)

Answer 20

Fraternity: feeling common struggle between the people
Nationalism: Fench revoltion shifted from monarchy to the nation and the people, a new identity

Question 21

Napoleon

Answer 21

Ordinary person who becomes ruler of France. United the people after the revolution, new government was established.

Question 22

Napoleon Code

Answer 22

2000 articles, a lot about ownership, equality, merit. Influence the modern legal system, but restricted women.

Question 23

Public and Private Spheres

Answer 23

Public: real of commerce, labor, and political
Private: family life and religious activity

Question 24

Napoleonic War

Answer 24

Maintain France’s Strength after the French Revolution. Napoleon wanted to affirm his supremacy and was all about nationalism.

Question 25

Congress of Vienna

Answer 25

Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Great Britain created the concert of Europe, in hopes of preventing another Napoleon.

Question 26

Class

Answer 26

Marxaim class, a system of separation of people

Question 27

Bourgeoisie

Answer 27

The middle class, and economic materialism upholding the political and economic interest of the capitalist ruling class.

Question 28

Proletarian/Proletariat

Answer 28

The social class of wage earner, economic value comes from their labor power.

Question 29

Age of Exploration (16-18th Century)

Answer 29

European powers wanting to explore and trade. Leading colonization.

Question 30

Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 30

Slave trade from Africa across the Atlantic to South America, Europe, and the New World.

Question 31

Mercantilism

Answer 31

Economic nationalism increased the prosperity and power of a nation through restive trade. During the age of exploration countries that wealth was emerging in gold and silver showed their power. Lead to triangle trade: Europe supplied Africa and America with goods America gave free material and Africa gave slaves.

Question 32

Scientific Revolution

Answer 32

Shift from superstition to empirical evidence, focus on science.

Question 33

Capitalism

Answer 33

An economic system where private businesses and business are owned by the private people

Question 34

socialism

Answer 34

A political system and economic ideology that believes that the good and business should be owned by the collective.

Question 35

Communism

Answer 35

The idea of a stateless, classed society where all property and means of production are owned by the collective.

Question 36

Ancien Regime

Answer 36

A Pre-revolutionary France, characterized by absolute monarchy, feudal privileges, and the division of society into the estate

Question 37

Metternich

Answer 37

The architect of the Congress of Vienna (1815). Austrian diplomat and conservative statesman who played a key role in shaping post-Napolic Europe. He wanted a restore monarchies, suppress nationalism, and maintain a balance of power to prevent future revolts.

Question 38

Laissez Faire

Answer 38

The idea is that the government should not interfere with business and the market.

Question 39

Great Famine 1891-1892

Question 40

Urbanization

Answer 40

The process of population shifting from rural areas to cities is driven by industrialization and economic opportunities.

Question 41

Malthusianism

Answer 41

A theory that suggests population growth tends to outpace food production, leading to periodic famine, disease, and mortality as natural checks on population growth.

Question 42

Philosophes

Answer 42

French intellectuals during the Enlightenment advocated for reason, progress, and the reform of society. They challenged traditional authority, key figures being Voltaire and Rousseau

Question 43

Rationalism

Answer 43

A philosophical approach that emphasizes reason and logic as the privacy source of Knowsley, rather than sensory experience.

Question 44

Unskilled v Skilled Labor

Answer 44

unskilled: refers to jobs with no training skilled: jobs that have specific training With the Industrial Revolution, there was a change away from skilled labor to unskilled labor with the factor and industry jobs increases, and the increase in technology.