Mitosis Flashcards
Learn about mitosis (16 cards)
What is mitosis?
Cell reproduction or cell division (body cells)
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells.
What occurs during interphase?
Normal part of the cell life cycle where it performs cell activities like respiration
At the start of mitosis, chromatin condenses into chromosomes and replicates.
What happens during prophase?
Nuclear membrane disappears and chromosomes pair up using a centromere; they are now sister chromatids.
What is the role of spindle fibers during metaphase?
They attach to sister chromatids and move them to the middle of the cell.
What occurs during anaphase?
Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart, moving single chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.
What happens during telophase?
Cytoplasm begins to pinch in, chromosomes unravel back to chromatin, and nuclear membrane reforms around chromatin/DNA.
What is cytokinesis?
The process where 2 new daughter cells are formed because the cytoplasm splits.
What is the result of cytokinesis?
Two diploid cells (2n) that are identical to the parent cell (2n).
Define chromatin.
Uncoiled, loose strands of DNA.
What are chromosomes/chromatids?
Condensed and organized DNA, visible under a microscope.
What is a centriole?
A type of cytoskeleton that produces spindle fibers for mitosis.
What is the function of spindle fibers?
Help move the chromosomes around the cell during mitosis.
What is a centromere?
Structure that holds the chromosomes together in a pair.
What does diploid (2n) represent?
The number of a full set of chromosomes for a species (e.g., 2n = 46 for humans).
What is haploid (n)?
Represents half of the number of chromosomes in an organism (e.g., n = 23 for humans).
Fill in the blank: During mitosis, the cytoplasm splits in a process called _______.
cytokinesis.
