Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Mitosis and Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

A diploid organism with 12 chromosomes in its gametes will have ___ chromosomes in its somatic cells.

A

24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If a triploid human could survive, each of its somatic cells would have ___ chromosomes.

A

69

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three sub-phases of interphase?

A

G1, S, and G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cell grows during all three sub-phases of interphases, but chromosomes are duplicated only during what phase?

A

S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens in checkpoints in the cell cycle control system?

A

Cell cycle pauses until go-ahead signal received

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three checkpoints?

A

G1, G2, and M checkpoints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does MPF stand for?

A

Maturation promoting factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK)?

A

Regulatory proteins involved in cell cycle control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK)?

A

Regulatory proteins involved in cell cycle control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does the CDK activity fluctuates?

A

During the cell cycle based on concentrations of its partner, cyclin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of MPF?

A

It triggers a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into M phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is G1 checkpoint very important for cells?

A

When cells receive “go-ahead” at g1, it usually completes G2, and M phases and divides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When cell does not receive go-ahead, where does it enter?

A

It enters non-dividing state called G0 phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens when all chromosomes are not properly attached to spindle microtubules at kinetochores?

A

Cells won’t enter anaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose of M checkpoint?

A

Signals delays anaphase until all chromosomes are attached – ensures daughter cells receive correct number of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens when things go wrong in the cell cycle clock?

A

Cancer

16
Q

What happens when cancer cells are not eliminated by the immune system?

A

They form tumors

17
Q

What is the difference between benign tumor and malignant tumor?

A

Benign tumors if abnormal cells remain only at the original site and malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and can metastasize.

18
Q

What does metastasize mean?

A

(of a cancer) spread to other parts of the body by metastasis.

19
Q

What is the function of meosis?

A

Reduces number of chromosome sets

20
Q

What accounts for variation and resemblance in families?

A

Heredity

21
Q

What is the units of heredity?

A

Genes

22
Q

How are genes passed to the next generation?

A

Via gametes

23
Q

What is the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?

A

Asexual reproduction is when a single individual passes genes to offspring without gamete fusion, and sexual reproduction is when two parents give rise to offspring having unique combination of genes inherited from both.

24
Q

True or False: One chromosome in one of your somatic cells contains information from both of your parents.

A

False.

25
Q

What animal is the combination of male donkey and female horse? Why can’t it have offspring?

A

Mule, because donkeys have 62 chromosomes and horses have 64; therefore the offspring - mule - have 63 chromosomes which cannot divide evenly

26
Q

What does crossing over produces?

A

Recombinant chromosomes which are combined DNA from each parent

27
Q

What is one source of genetic variations which is the number of possible combinations possible when chromosomes assort independently into gametes?

A

Independent assortments of chromosomes

28
Q

How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes in humans where haploid n= 23?

A

2^23 which is more than 8 million

29
Q

What is one source of genetic variation where any sperm can fuse with any ovum (unfertilized egg)?

A

Random fertilization

Biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions