Mitosis And Meiosis Flashcards
(7 cards)
Front: What is the key difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Back:
* Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells for growth and repair.
* Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.
Front: What are the outcomes of mitosis and meiosis?
Back:
* Mitosis: Two identical diploid cells, maintaining the same chromosome number as the parent cell.
* Meiosis: Four genetically unique haploid cells, with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Front: What are the basic steps of mitosis?
Back:
1. Prophase: Chromosomes condense, spindle forms, nuclear envelope breaks down.
2. Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
3. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles.
4. Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes decondense.
5. Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides to form two identical daughter cells.
Front: What are the basic steps of meiosis?
Back:
* Meiosis I:
1. Prophase I (homologous chromosomes pair, crossing-over occurs).
2. Metaphase I (homologous pairs align).
3. Anaphase I (homologues separate).
4. Telophase I and cytokinesis (two haploid cells form).
* Meiosis II:
1. Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II (similar to mitosis).
2. Results in four haploid cells.
Front: Can you name examples of mitotic cells in the adult human body?
Back:
* Skin cells (keratinocytes).
* Intestinal epithelial cells.
* Bone marrow cells (producing red and white blood cells).
What is the evolutionary significance of meiosis?
Back: Meiosis generates genetic diversity through independent assortment and crossing-over, which drives evolution by providing variation for natural selection
Front: What are the consequences of non-disjunction during meiosis?
Back: Non-disjunction occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly, leading to aneuploidy. Examples include:
* Down syndrome: Trisomy 21.
* Turner syndrome: Monosomy X.
* Klinefelter syndrome: XXY.
