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MCBG > Mitosis And Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis And Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

A 
G1
Synthesis
G2
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
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2
Q

What occurs in G1?

A

Replication of organelles
Cell enlarges
Proteins made

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3
Q

What occurs in synthesis?

A

DNA replication

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4
Q

What occurs in G2?

A

Checks cell for mistakes
Errors repaired
Gets ready to enter mitosis

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5
Q

What happens in G0?

A

Cell is resting and not replicating

Cells can enter G0 if nutrient deficient

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6
Q

What are telomeres?

A

Repeated sequences at each end of chromosome/chromatid

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7
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

Nuclear membrane breaks down
Chromosomes condense
Spindle fibres appear

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8
Q

What happens in prometaphase?

A

Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes
Chromosomes continue to condense
Centrioles move towards poles

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9
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align along metaphase plate

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10
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Centromeres divide

Sister chromatids move to opposite poles (chromatids now called daughter chromosomes)

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11
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

Nuclear membrane reforms
Chromosomes decondense
Spindle fibres disappear

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12
Q

What happens in cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm divides

Parent cell becomes 2 daughter cells with identical genetic information

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13
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

Have the same DNA sequence so same genes

Genes on homologous chromosomes ,at be different variants (alleles)

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14
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

Have identical DNA
Have same alleles
Have just been through DNA replication
Joined by centromere

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15
Q

What are non-sister chromatids?

A

Have same genes

May have different alleles

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16
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division for germ line cells
4 non-identical cells produced
Diploid (2n) reduced to haploid (n)
Production of eggs and sperm

17
Q

What happens in prophase 1?

A 
Chromosomes condense
Crossing over occurs
Nucleolus disappears
Spindle fibres form
Homologous pairs pair up
18
Q

What happens in metaphase 1?

A

Homologous pairs line up along metaphase plate

19
Q

What happens in anaphase 1?

A

Homologous pairs pulled apart to opposite poles of cell

20
Q

What happens in telophase 1?

A

Nuclear membrane starts to reform
Cleavage
2 non-identical cells formed

21
Q

What happens in prophase 2?

A

Nuclear membrane disappears

Spindle fibres form

22
Q

What happens in metaphase 2?

A

Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

23
Q

What happens in anaphase 2?

A

Chromatids are separated and move to opposite poles of cell

24
Q

What happens in telophase 2?

A

Nuclear membrane forms
Spindle fibres disappear
Chromosomes decondense

25
Q

What is the product of Meiosis?

A

4 non-identical haploid daughter cells

26
Q

How is genetic diversity generated in Meiosis?

A

Random assortment of chromosomes, don’t line up in numerical order
Crossing over of genetic material at chiasmata

MCBG (20 decks)

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