Mitosis and meiosis COPY

Question 1

What is mitosis?

Answer 1

A type of cell division that creates new cells for growth, repair, and replacement of old cells.

Question 2

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 2

To create new cells (daughter cells) that are identical to the original cell (parent cell).

Question 3

What phase occurs before mitosis?

Answer 3

Interphase.

Question 4

What happens to DNA during interphase?

Answer 4

DNA and subcellular structures duplicate.

Question 5

What is the DNA quantity change during mitosis?

Answer 5

Increases from 2n to 4n.

Question 6

What is the structure of chromosomes during mitosis?

Answer 6

Each chromosome consists of two identical strands of DNA coiled into an X shape.

Question 7

What occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Answer 7

DNA coils into X-shaped chromosomes and the nucleus breaks down.

Question 8

What happens during metaphase of mitosis?

Answer 8

Chromosomes line up along the middle (equator) of the cell.

Question 9

What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 9

Chromosomes are pulled to either side of the cell.

Question 10

What happens during telophase of mitosis?

Answer 10

Two new nuclei form around the chromosomes and the cell divides.

Question 11

What is the chromosome number in daughter cells after mitosis in humans?

Answer 11

46 chromosomes (diploid, 2n).

Question 12

What is meiosis?

Answer 12

A type of cell division used in the creation of gametes (sperm and egg cells).

Question 13

What is the chromosome quantity change during meiosis?

Answer 13

From diploid (2n) to haploid (n).

Question 14

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

Answer 14

Four daughter cells.

Question 15

What is a key feature of daughter cells produced by meiosis?

Answer 15

Each daughter cell is genetically unique.

Question 16

What is the purpose of gametes in reproduction?

Answer 16

To pass on genetic information to offspring.

Question 17

What is meiosis 1?

Answer 17

The first cell division where DNA doubles from 2n to 4n, and homologous chromosomes exchange DNA.

Question 18

What is meiosis 2?

Answer 18

The second division that splits the two cells from meiosis 1 into four haploid daughter cells.

Question 19

What is the difference in the number of divisions between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 19

Mitosis divides once, meiosis divides twice.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: Mitosis produces _______ daughter cells.

Answer 20

two

Question 21

Fill in the blank: Meiosis produces _______ daughter cells.

Answer 21

four

Question 22

True or False: Daughter cells from mitosis are genetically different from the parent cell.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

True or False: Daughter cells from meiosis are genetically identical to each other.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is a similarity between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 24

Both require DNA to be replicated before division.

Question 25

Where does mitosis occur in the body?

Answer 25

All over the body.

Question 26

Where does meiosis occur in the body?

Answer 26

In the sex organs.

Question 27

What type of reproduction is binary fission associated with?

Answer 27

Asexual reproduction.

Question 28

What is a key difference between binary fission and mitosis/meiosis?

Answer 28

Binary fission occurs in bacteria, which do not have a nucleus.