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College Biology > Mitosis/ Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis/ Meiosis Flashcards

0
Q

Sexual reproduction, happens in the gonads

A

Meiosis

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1
Q

Asexual reproduction that produces identical cells, is called?

A

Mitosis

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2
Q

How many chromosomes in humans?

A

46

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3
Q

Asexual reproduction in eukaryotes is called?

A

Binary fission

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4
Q

Asexual in eukaryote is called?

A

Nuclear division

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5
Q

In meiosis chromosomes wrap around a protein called?

A

A histone

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6
Q

How many chromosomes do you get from your mom and dad?

A

23 from each

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7
Q

Name all the phases of the cell cycle? (5)

A

G1, S, and G2, mitosis, cytokinesesis

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8
Q

G1, G2, and S phase are all part of what?

A

Interphase

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9
Q

G1 and g2 occur where?

A

Cytoplasm

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10
Q

S phase occurs where?

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

When interphase is starting how many chromosomes should you have in the cell and why?

A
  1. Humans have 46 And there are two sets. One for the regular cell and one for the duplicating cell
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12
Q

Sister chromatids pair up at the ____?

A

Centromere

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13
Q

Order should be?

A 
I
P
M
A
T
C
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14
Q

Centrioles develop when?

A

During G2

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15
Q

What happens during prophase

A

Phase where nuclear membrane disintegrates, and spindle fibers connect themselves to the centromeres

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16
Q

Describe metaphase

A

1) spindle fibers connect at centromeres by the kineticores

2) line chromosomes up in middle

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17
Q

A chart of all of the chromosomes in your body

A

Karyotype

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18
Q

Describe anaphase

A

When chromosomes split

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19
Q

Telophase is when?

A

Spindle fibers disinigrate

Chromosomes reach the ends of the cells

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20
Q

When the cell membrane begins to separate

A

Cytokinesis

21
Q

What happends during the G1 phase?

A

Duplicates organelles

22
Q

What happends in the S phase

A

Replication of chromosomes

23
Q

What happends in G2 phase? (2)

A

More organelles duplicated, spindle fibers and centrioles created

24
Q

What is the longest phase?

A

Interphase

25
Q

Cells stop replicating because they realize that they are already bundled to closely? This is called?

A

Contact inhibition

26
Q

When Contact inhibition isn’t detected , these cells are called?

A

Cancer cells

27
Q

G1 check point is?

A

If the cell doesn’t replicate what it needs to it commits suicide

28
Q

The G0 phase is?

A

The state where the cell won’t ever divide. Like heart and brain cells

29
Q

Checkpoints are located where?

A

Before each stage of G1, G2, S, and metaphase

30
Q

Telomeres are needed for what?

A

Protection of genes

31
Q

What if a cell doesn’t have telomeres?

A

It commits apoptosis

32
Q

Tumors are?

A

Clumped cancer cells

33
Q

Malignant rumors are?

A

Tumors that can spread to other parts of the body. Hard to remove

34
Q

Belign tumors are?

A

Tumors that are easily removed

35
Q

Telomerase does what?

A

Keeps telomeres from disappearing

36
Q

Disease from not having telomerase?(causes aging)

A

Progeria

37
Q

In meiosis 1. The middle part where chromosomes connect to one another.

A

Synaptonemal complex

38
Q

Diploid chromosomes have

A

92 chromosomes in the nucleus, 2 pairs from your mom and dad

39
Q

Haploid cells are?

A

Cells that have one set of 46 chromosomes.

40
Q

Crossing over creates

A

Combinations of genes

41
Q

Crossing over only occurs when?

A

In meiosis 1

42
Q

The place that breaks and switches genes during crossing over?

A

Chiasmata

43
Q

Is the process used to create sperm?

A

Spermatogenisis

44
Q

These protect the 23 chromosome sperm from being attacked by white blood cells?

A

Setoli cells

45
Q

True or false males and females go through meiosis to create sperm and egg

A

True

46
Q

Process that females go through to create eggs

A

Oogenisis

47
Q

An immature egg is a?

A

Follicle

48
Q

Same meiosis division occurs but what is the difference (oogenisis)?

A

One cell egg cell is useless because it was given no cell membrane. The other is a replicated egg cell

49
Q

Random fertilization is created by?

A

Crossing over

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