Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 1090 > Mitosis, meiosis, cell cycle, cancer > Flashcards

Mitosis, meiosis, cell cycle, cancer Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define cell division

A

the process cells use to make more cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the purpose of cell division (4)

A

growth, healing, cell replacement, reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what types of cells does mitosis occur in

A

stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what types of cells does meiosis occur in

A

germ or sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the genome of eukaryotes

A

small and linear, dna found in nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in eukaryotes, where is the dna found

A

in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the genome of prokaryotes

A

large and circular, dna found in cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in prokaryotes. where is the dna found

A

in the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the order in which the cell cycle occurs

A

G1, S, G2, M, Inter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the G1 phase

A

growth, cellular metabolism
specific regulatory proteins are made and activated. once activated, these proteins (kinases) then promote the activity of enzymes that synthesize dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the S phase

A

synthesis- dna replication aka chromosome duplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which step of the cell cycle is for the chromosome duplication

A

S (synthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the g2 phase

A

preparation for mitosis

size and protein content of the cell increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which stage of the cell cycle gets the cell prepared for mitosis

A

g2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the m phase

A

mitosis : chromosomal separation and cytokinesis

lasts about an hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the interphase

A

the time between successive mitosis

replication of dna, increase3in cell size so each daughter cell receives sifficient cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is g0

A

quiescente cells that exit the cell cycle because they do not need to be replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens in mitotic cell division

A

a single parent divides into two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the steps of mitosis

A

prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens in prophase

A

chromosomes condense. chromosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what happens in pro metaphase

A

microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what happens in metaphase

A

chromosomes align in centre of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens in anaphase

A

sister chromatids separate and travel to opposite poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what happens in telophase

A

nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes decondense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
describe cytokinesis
contractile ring cuts one cell into two
26
what is ploidy
the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell
27
do ploidy levels in mitosis change
amount of dna changes but not the ploidy level
28
describe meiosis
diploid to haploid: two cell divisions: one mother cell turning into four unique daughter cells
29
mitosis results in
two identical daughter cells
30
meiosis results in
four unique, haploid daughter cells
31
what are the steps of meiosis
pmat(homologous chromosomes separate) pmat(sister chromatids separate)
32
describe prophase1 in meiosis
chromosomes become visible, homologous chromosomes continue to condense, each pair forms a bivalent, nuclear envelope begins to break down
33
describe anaphase 1and telophase1 in meiosis
homologous chromosomes separate, daughter cells are ready to move to prophase 2
34
describe metaphase 1 in meiosis
23 pairs of homologous chromosomes aligned in centre, mitotic spindle attached to mono-orientated kinetochores on sister chromatids, recombination occurs between homologous chromosomes
35
what phase does recombination occur in
metaphase 1
36
three similarities between meiosis and mitosis
mitotic spindles attached to both sister chromatids separation of sister chromatids alignment of al chromosomes along equilateral plate
37
three differences between meiosis and mitosis
only one of the homologues in metaphase 2 only recombined chromosomes in meiosis half the number of chromosomes in metaphase 2
38
why can't cell division occur all the time
uncontrolled division is dangerous and can lead to cancer
39
what controls the cell cycle
proteins (cyclins) and enzymes that appear in a cycle fashion
40
what is the dna replication checkpoint
checks for the presence of unreplicated DNA at the end of G2
41
what is the dna damage check point
checks for damaged dna before the s phase
42
what s the spindle assembly checkpoint
checks for all chromosomes being attached to the spindle before the cell progresses with mitosis
43
order of the cell cycle checkpoints
dna damage check point (before s) dna replication checkpoint (before m) spindle assembly checkpoint before mitosis
44
how does the dam damage checkpoint work
dna damage activates protein kinases that phosphorylate P13 (protein found in nucleus), then p13 acts as a transcription factor that turns on gene that inhibits the cell cycle.
45
define oncogene
cancer-causing gene
46
descrive pro-oncogenes
normal genes important in cell division that have the potential to become cancerous if mutated
47
describe a tumor surpressor
genes that encode proteins whose normal activities inhibit cell division
48
how do prokaryotic cells divide
binary fission
49
what is FTSZ
protein present in the genomes of diverse bacteria, also evolutionarily related to tubulin
50
what is tubulin
makes up the dynamic microtubules found in eukaryotic cells
51
histones
organized dna, packages chromospmes
52
what is a centromere
holds chromatids together
53
what is a mitotic spindle
created outside the nucleus, made up of microtubules that pull the chromosomes into separate daughter cells
54
what is tubulin dimers
assemble around centromere, which form the microtubules that radiate from the centrosomes. form the mitotic spindle
55
what is the contractive ring
ring of actin filaments that pinch cytoplasm
56
what is the chiasmata
visible manifestation of a crossover; the physical breakage and reunion between non-sister chromatids
57
define bivalent
two pairs of sister chromatids
58
meiosis 1
sometimes describes as reductional division because it reduces the number of chromosomes in daughter cells by half
59
which protein controls passage through the cell
protein phosphorylation
60
what are kinases
proteins that phosphorylate other proteins (enzymes)
61
what are cyclins
proteins that activate kinases
62
g1 cyclin
activates a protein that promotes the expression of histone proteins needed for packaging the newly replicated dna
63
S cyclin
necessary for the cell to initiate dna synthesis. activates enzymes and proteins necessary for dna replication.
64
cycin
triggers breakdown of the nuclear envelope, as well as proteins that regulate the assembly of tubulin into microtubules, promoting formation of the mitotic spindle

BIO 1090 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions