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Mitosis/miosis Flashcards

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0
Q

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm

A

T

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1
Q

Cell division is basically the same in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

F

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2
Q

Mitosis is the process in which the nucleus of the cell divides

A

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3
Q

DNA replication results in identical chromosomes

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4
Q

A cell spends most of its life in growth phase 1 of the cell cycle

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5
Q

The S checkpoint just before the entry into S-phase makes the key decision of whether the cell should divide

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6
Q

The correct order of phases of the cell cycle is G1 S G2 M

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7
Q

Interface consists of mitosis and cytokinesis

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8
Q

In prokaryotic cells all organelles such as the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum divide prior to cell division

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F

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9
Q

Bacteria divide cells by binary fusion

A

F binary fission

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10
Q

A mass of abnormal cells is called a tumor

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11
Q

Organelles are made during growth phase 2

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12
Q

In your eukaryotic cells DNA is replicated during the S-phase of the cell

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13
Q

If the cell is not regulated cancer may develop

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14
Q

Mitosis occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

F

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15
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

Repeating series of events including growth, DNA synthesis and cell division

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16
Q

What are the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle

A

Mitosis phase, interphase ( G1 S G2 )

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17
Q

In which phase does cell spend most of its life? What happens during this phase?

A

G one – grows rapidly, copy some organelles for cell division, creates proteins needed to make DNA

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18
Q

What is cancer? What may cause cancer to occur?

A

Disease – occurs when cell cycle is no longer regulated

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19
Q

What is the S phase? What happens during this phase?

A

Synthesis face – cell’s DNA is copied

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20
Q

Which cells undergo cell division?

A

Eukaryotic cells only

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21
Q

Cell division in eukaryotic cells is a complex process because of

A

The multiple chromosomes, the nucleus, the many organelles

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22
Q

Most routine metabolite processes occur during which phase of the cell cycle?

A

Growth phase 1

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23
Q

The correct order of prokaryotic cell division is

A

DNA replication – chromosome segregation – cytokinesis

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24
Which cell cycle checkpoint determines whether the DNA has been replicated correctly?
The DNA synthesis checkpoint
25
What happens during mitosis?
The nucleus of the cell divides
26
Cell division in prokaryotic cells is called
Binary fission
27
The process in which one cell divides to form two daughter cells
Cell division
28
The process in which all of the nuclear DNA is copied
DNA replication
29
A repeating series of events that describes the life of the cell
Cell cycle
30
Phase of the cell cycle that includes the G1 S and G2 phases
Interphase
31
The process by which bacterial cells divide
Binary fission
32
Phase of the cell cycle in which the cells DNA is copied
Synthesis phase , s phase
33
Occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated
Cancer
34
Phase of the cell cycle in which the cell grows rapidly and performs many metabolic processes
G 1
35
Phase of the cell cycle in which a cell makes final preparations to divide
G2
36
Division of the cytoplasm resulting into daughter cells
Cytokinesis
37
An abnormal mass of cells
Tumor
38
The process in which the nucleus of the cell divides
Mitosis
39
The cell cycle is controlled by regulatory ________ at three key checkpoints
Genes
40
And eukaryotes the first step on cell division is _______ and the second step is cytokinesis
Mitosis
41
Chromosome ________ refers to the two chromosomes separating and moving to opposite ends of the cell
Segregation
42
________ in the cell cycle ensure that the cell is ready to proceed before it moves on to the next phase of the cycle
Checkpoints
43
During mitosis the ______ are sorted and separated to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set
Chromosomes
44
Describe the eukaryotic cell cycle listing and discussing the main events of each phase
G1 – cell growth, metabolic process, produces proteins S – DNA is copied G2 – final preparations to divide M– mitosis and cytokinesis – divides
45
What is a chromosome? What is it made out of?
Coiled structure made of DNA
46
What are homologous chromosomes? How many homologous pairs are in a human cell?
Chromosomes in each pair, 23
47
Why do chromosomes look like an "X"?
Made of two sister chromatids
48
What is the main difference between chromatin and chromosomes
Chromatin is an uncoiled chromosome which is a grainy substance
49
What is a Gene?
Instructions for making proteins organized into units
50
Why is it necessary for the DNA to replicate prior to sell division ?
So that each daughter cell will have 46 homologous chromosomes
51
Chromosomes form during what part of the cell cycle?
Prophase of mitosis
52
The correct order of phases during mitosis is
Prophase – metaphase – anaphase – telophase
53
How many chromosomes are normal human cell?
46
54
When do sister chromatids lineup at the equator of the cell?
Metaphase
55
Which of the following statements concerning cytokinesis is correct? (1) cytokinesis occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, (2) cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm splits into, (3) in plant cells cytokinesis involves the formation of the cell plate
1, 2 and 3
56
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase
57
Division of the nucleus
Mitosis
58
Region of the chromosome where sister chromatids are attached
Centromere
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Phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers attached to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids
Metaphase
60
Coiled structures of DNA and proteins
Chromosome
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Phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids separate and the centromere's divide
Anaphase
62
A segment of DNA with the genetic the instructions to make a protein
Gene
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Two copies of replicated DNA that make a chromosome
Chromatid
64
The first and the longest phase of mitosis
Prophase
65
Uncoiled DNA
Chromatin
66
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin
Telophase
67
A pair of the same chromosome
Homologous chromosomes
68
Chromosomes are quiet structures made of _____ and proteins
DNA
69
______ is the division of the nucleus
Mitosis
70
During ______sister chromatids lineup at the equator or center of the cell
Metaphase
71
There maybe hundreds or even thousands of genes on a single_______
Chromosome
72
During anaphase sister _______ separate and the centromeres divide
Chromatids
73
The four phases of mitosis in order are
Prophase – metaphase – anaphase – telophase
74
Human cells normally have ________ chromosomes
Homologous
75
A new nuclear membrane forms during _______
Telophase
76
A _________ fibers ensure that sister chromatids will separate when the cell divides
Spindle
77
When a chromosome first forms that she consists of two sister _______
Chromatids
78
Define meiosis
Cell division in which number of chromosomes is reduced by half
79
Is the DNA replicated after meiosis I? Why or why not?
No supposed to be reduced by half
80
Describe the main difference between metaphase I and metaphase II
Metaphase II sister chromatids lineup instead
81
State the phase where each of the following processes occur (a) sister chromatids separate (b) homologous chromosomes form pairs and (c) two haploid cells form
A) anaphase II B) prophase I C) telophase I, cytokinesis
82
What is the final product of meiosis?
4 haploid cells

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