Mitosis (Q1)

Question 1

What is mitosis?

Answer 1

Division of genetic material in the nucleus

Question 2

Why is mitosis needed?

Answer 2

1. Organism growth and development
2. Reproduction (primarily, asexual)
3. Repair and replacement of damaged tissues or cells

Question 3

Mitosis occurs in ________. (somatic cells or gametes)

Answer 3

Mitosis occurs in somatic/body cells.

Question 4

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Answer 4

Haploid cells only have one copy of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two copies.

Question 5

Mitosis produces and is produced from ________. (haploid cells or diploid cells)

Answer 5

Mitosis produces and is produced from diploid cells.

Question 6

Mitosis produces ________ (two or four) ________ (unique or identical) daughter cells.

Answer 6

Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells.

Question 7

When this substance condenses, it forms the chromosomes and chromatids.

Answer 7

Chromatin

Question 8

Differentiate chromatid and chromosome.

Answer 8

A chromosome can either be a single chromatid with a centromere attached to it OR two sister chromatids with a centromere.

Question 9

Protein complex that is responsible for chromosome condensation and also holds the two sister chromatids together

Answer 9

Cohesin

Question 10

A cysteine protease responsible for removing the cohesion between sister chromatids

Answer 10

Separase

Question 11

Sections of DNA found at the end of a chromosome

Answer 11

Telomere

Question 12

How does multiple rounds of cell division affect the telomere?

Answer 12

With each cell division, the length of the telomere shortens.

Question 13

The short and long arm structures of the chromosome are also referred to as ________.

Answer 13

p arm and q arm

Question 14

How do we count the number of chromosomes?

Answer 14

By the presence of their functional centromere

Question 15

In the human body, there are: _____ pairs of chromosomes, _____ total chromosomes, _____ centrosomes, _____ pair of autosomes, and _____ pair of sex chromosomes.

Answer 15

In the human body, there are: 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 total chromosomes, 46 centrosomes, 22 pair of autosomes, and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 16

When does mitosis start in the cell cycle?

Answer 16

At the end of the interphase, specifically G2 phase

Question 17

In terms of mitosis, what are two characteristics of the G2 phase of the interphase?

Answer 17

1. Duplication of centrosome
2. Uncondensed chromosome

Question 18

What are the stages of mitosis based on the lesson material?

Answer 18

1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase

Question 19

Chromatin condenses into chromosome

Answer 19

Prophase

Question 20

Nucleoli disappear

Answer 20

Prophase

Question 21

Nuclear envelope breaks down

Answer 21

Prophase

Question 22

Duplicated chromosome appears as identical sister chromatids joined at their centromeres all along their arms by cohesins

Answer 22

Prophase

Question 23

Mitotic spindle begins to form

Answer 23

Prophase

Question 24

Microtubules from spindle interact with condensed chromosomes

Answer 24

Prometaphase

Question 25

Kinetochore is formed at centromere

Answer 25

Prometaphase

Question 26

Centromeres, NOT THE CHROMOSOMES, lie at the center

Answer 26

Metaphase

Question 27

During metaphase, sister chromatids are arranged at the ________.

Answer 27

Metaphase plate

Question 28

Kinetochore microtubules from opposite poles are now attached to the sister chromatids

Answer 28

Metaphase

Question 29

Centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell

Answer 29

Metaphase

Question 30

Each chromatid becomes an independent chromosome

Answer 30

Anaphase

Question 31

Kinetochore microtubules shorten

Answer 31

Anaphase

Question 32

Two new daughter chromosomes move to the ends of the cell

Answer 32

Anaphase

Question 33

Cell elongates

Answer 33

Anaphase

Question 34

Daughter nuclei begin to form at the two poles

Answer 34

Telophase

Question 35

Nuclear envelope arises

Answer 35

Telophase

Question 36

Nucleoli reappears

Answer 36

Telophase

Question 37

Chromosome is less condensed

Answer 37

Telophase

Question 38

When cytokinesis happens, an indentation appears in animal cells called ________. Meanwhile, a wall forms between plant cells called ________.

Answer 38

Cleavage furrow, cell plate

Question 39

Cytokinesis in animal cells occur with the help of the ________. Meanwhile, the ________ of the plant cell fuse in cytokinesis.

Answer 39

Contractile ring, vesicles